MICROSCOPY-PAM
Version:
For probing of microscopic objects down to the single chloroplast
The MICROSCOPY-PAM is an extremely sensitive non-imaging chlorophyll fluorometer, which can measure smallest spots in microscopic specimen like tissue preparations or suspensions. The fluorometer consists of a modified epi-fluorescence microscope equipped with a modulated LED light source and a photomultiplier for detection of modulated chlorophyll fluorescence.
Outstanding Properties of the MICROSCOPY-PAM
Fluorescence detection by a highly sensitive red-enhanced photomultiplier tube
Single cell analysis
Version with blue or red light available
Components of the MICROSCOPY-PAM
The MICROSCOPY-PAM system uses a Zeiss AxioScope 5 epifluorescence microscope. The standard version of the microscope is equipped with a wide-aperture Zeiss Fluar objective lens with 20-fold magnification, and a blue 470 nm Zeiss LED module for fluorescence excitation. A red-orange 625 nm Zeiss LED module is available as alternative light source.
A special pulse modulation regime permits the use if the same LED module as source for measuring and actinic light as well as for saturation pulses.
Chlorophyll fluorescence is detected by a photomultiplier mounted on a special detector-ocular of the microscope. The ocular is equipped with an iris diaphragm with which the field of view can be narrowed down. A special dichroic beamsplitter filterset filters out the broadband fluorescence emission (λ > 650 nm).
Fluorescence excitation and detection are controlled by the PAM-CONTROL unit, which allows stand-alone operation of the MICROSCOPY-PAM but also functions as an interface for operation of the system by a Windows computer.
The PAM-CONTROL unit can be operated by the WinControl software versions 2 or 3. The system includes, an RS 232 cable, a USB-RS 232 adapter (when an RS-232 port is not available), a charger MINI-PAM/L, a cable to connect a chart recorder, and a transport box.
PAM-CONTROL Universal Control Unit
The PAM-CONTROL unit conducts PAM fluorescence measurements independently but it also acts as interface between fluorometer and a Windows computer running the version 2 or 3 of the WinControl software.
The PAM-CONTROL unit is part of various PAM systems, which all employ a highly sensitive photomultiplier tube for fluorescence detection: the MICROSCOPY-PAM, the MICROFIBER-PAM, and the WATER-PAM FIBER Version. In all three systems, an automatic shutdown procedure protects the photomultiplier tube against damage by high fluorescence levels or external light.
The memory of the unit can store 4000 data sets. An extensive menu provides full control of instrumental settings and a variety of measuring protocols.
