Version:
ST-Kinetics and Multi-Wavelength Chlorophyll Fluorometer
The new MULTI-COLOR-PAM-II is a compact instrument that houses two quite different techniques: the PAM technique and single turnover flash kinetics (STK).
Two instruments in one house: non-modulated flash analysis and multi-color PAM-modulated applications
A complete portfolio of fast measurements (time resolution down to 0.3 µs) to probe the PS II donor side and the presence of Car-triplets and Multi-Color (PAM) measurements to probe the PS II acceptor side, the electron transport chain and photosynthetic activity.
Mixing of both techniques: e.g. application of saturating 3 µs flashes, where the decay kinetics of the induced fluorescence signal can be monitored by PAM measuring light with a logarithmically declining measuring light frequency.
QA-kinetics up to overall Photosynthesis activity
Single Turnover Flash Kinetics (STK)
Oxygen evolving complex up to PQ pool
Pulse-modulated fluorescence
Non-modulated fluorescence
Dark decay measurements
Pump-probe measurements
MT Pulses/continuous light
ST-flashes
Saturation pulse quenching analysis
Saturation flash quenching analysis
Regulatory fluorescence quenching (NPQ) and complementary PS II quantum yields
Short-lived fluorescence quenchers (P680+ (DQ) and Car-triplets (TQ))
Dark-to-light induction curves
ST-kinetics (STK)
Two wavelength detection FV(I)
Period-4 oscillations in FV(II
Fast kinetics (50 µs to seconds) and Slow kinetics (seconds to hours)
Flash train-induced fluorescence changes
Sigma(II) (O-I1 rise)
Sigma(II) (FRRF emulation)
QA– re-oxidation kinetics
S-state decay
PS II quantum yield
S-state distribution
Light saturation curves (LC)
Flash saturation curves
O-I1-I2-P/OJIP transients
Wide range of ST-intensities
PS II heterogeneity
ST-widths and ST-dark intervals
Mixed use of both techniques: e.g., applying an STK during an O-I1-I2-P transient
More choice is an important keyword for the new MULTI-COLOR-PAM-II: the new STK (single turnover kinetics) flashlamp and fast detector add reactions on the PS II donor side and Car triplets to the already broad portfolio. Fast switching between PAM and ST-Kinetics measurements gives synergy, offering a mixing of both techniques. The instrument is also flexible enough to emulate FRRF-type measurements or to produce Ramp-Method-type saturation pulses.
The instrument was designed for the measurement of suspensions, but people working with leaves were also not forgotten. The previous model had a leaf clip that can still be used for the new instrument. In addition, the STK-flashlamp also has a detector and can be used as a stand-alone application for leaf measurements.
In the Multi-Color (PAM) configuration, the user has access to information about the wavelength dependent effective PS II antenna size: Sigma(II), reactions on the PS II acceptor side (QA– re-oxidation) and electron flow along the electron transport chain (O-I1-I2-P/OJIP transients) but also to Saturation Pulse quenching analysis, dark-light induction and recovery curves, as well as light response curves, and this all for 5 different excitation and measuring light wavelengths (440, 480, 540, 590, 625 nm) plus white light that can be applied in any combination. This has the advantage that someone working, e.g., with diatoms can excite these organisms in the green and in the case of cyanobacteria either choose 625 nm to excite the phycobilisomes or 440 nm to excite the chlorophylls of the core antenna.
Not only the different wavelengths for fluorescence excitation and detection make the Multi-Color (PAM) configuration stand out. Other important features are:
The new elements of the MULTI-COLOR-PAM-II add whole new domains to the measurement portfolio of the instrument, making it even more a multi-function fluorometer.