PAM-2500
Version:
High-performance Field and Laboratory Chlorophyll Fluorometer
PAM-2500 with first-generation 2030-B leaf clip and ultra-mobile PC connected by Bluetooth.
PAM-2500
High-performance Field and Laboratory Chlorophyll Fluorometer
The PAM-2500 chlorophyll fluorometer continues the line of portable PAM fluorometers which started in the 1990s with the well-known PAM-2000/2100 instruments. The PAM-2500 has been completely newly developed using state-of-the-art technology. Its area of application ranges from saturation pulse analysis of photosynthesis to polyphasic fluorescence rise kinetics (OJIP).
The PamWin-3 software for PAM-2500 runs on Windows operating systems on normal personal computers, but also on ultra-mobile touch screen computers (UMPC). For outdoor applications, PamWin-3 provides a special software interface derived from the basic elements of the software for PAM-2000/2100 instruments.
Outstanding Properties of the PAM-2500
Latest generation light-emitting diodes for all light sources
Red and blue actinic light. Strong far-red LED light source
Fastest portable PAM fluorometer available with 10 μs time resolution
High sensitivity to measure dilute suspensions of algae and cyanobacteria
General Features of the PAM-2500 Chlorophyll Fluorometer
The PAM-2500 chlorophyll fluorometer is an extremely compact and powerful measuring system. All optical and electronic components are located in a 23 cm x 10.5 cm x 10.5 cm housing. Different from previous portable PAM fluorometers, high-performance LEDs are employed for saturation pulses permitting quasi-rectangular light intensity changes.
Configurations of the PAM-2500
The PAM-2500 chlorophyll fluorometer can be configured for measurements of leaves and suspensions. In both cases, a flexible optical fiber guides modulated measuring light as well as actinic light to the sample, and collects the chlorophyll fluorescence.
Independent of configuration, the use of power LEDs results in high actinic intensities of up to 4000 μmol m-2 s-1 and single turn-over flash intensities up to 125,000 μmol m-2 s-1 at sample level. Additionally, the PAM-2500 features blue actinic light up to 800 μmol m-2 s-1 and an efficient far red light source.
For leaf measurements, the sample is positioned relative to the fiber by special leaf clips. The use of the light-sensing leaf clip 2030-B is particularly advantageous as it permits deriving relative electron transport rates from ambient PAR and PS II photochemical yields, Y(II). Also, the 2030-B clip measures leaf temperature by a thermoelement.
To examine suspensions of isolated chloroplasts, algae or cyanobacteria, the fiberoptics is plugged in the special cuvette KS-2500. The cuvette can be used in combination with a magnetic stirrer and temperature control.