IMAGING-PAM

Version:

Product

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging System

IMAGING-PAM M-Series

The IMAGING-PAM technology brings the power of the proven Pulse-Amplitude Modulation (PAM) principle into the realm of high-resolution, image-based chlorophyll fluorescence analysis. This approach delivers detailed, spatially precise insights into photosynthetic performance - non-invasive, highly sensitive, and ideal for capturing the dynamic responses of plants under real-world conditions. From fundamental plant physiology to advanced research on photosynthetic efficiency, stress resilience, and environmental toxicology, IMAGING-PAM systems offer researchers an exceptional window into the function and health of photosynthetic organisms.

The IMAGING-PAM M-series stands out through its modular, forward-looking design. All systems operate with the same Multi Control Unit IMAG-CG, and the camera can be used interchangeably across versions. This versatility enables seamless adaptation to different experimental requirements, applications, and magnifications, making the IMAGING-PAM M-Series both cost-effective and exceptionally flexible. In addition, all systems can be fully programmed for automated measurement routines and operated remotely via the ImagingWinGigE software, supporting long-term experiments and high-throughput workflows with minimal manual intervention.

General Features IMAGING-PAM M-Series

Excitation Wavelengths and Filter Sets
The MAXI, MINI, and MICROSCOPY versions are available with blue, red-orange, and GFP-specific LEDs and dedicated filter sets. Blue excitation is standard for higher plants and algae, red-orange is recommended for cyanobacteria.

Actinic Light Intensity
High-performance power LEDs deliver up to 5,000 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹ (depending on version and configuration) for precise simulation of high-light stress and dynamic illumination conditions.

Ambient Light Compatibility
The systems support measurements under continuous ambient light. IMAGING-PAM devices communicate directly with the Universal Light Meter ULM-500 to automatically integrate real-time ambient PAR values into the report file.

Suspensions and Combined Techniques
Additional filter plates improve image quality for liquid suspension measurements through reflective surfaces. Dedicated adapters enable combined PSII imaging and gas-exchange analysis under controlled environmental conditions.

Different versions for various applications

MAXI Version
The largest imaging area in the M-Series — ideal for whole leaves, multiple samples, fruits, and corals. The MAXI LED array provides homogeneous illumination over the full measuring area. Available with the Fruit Adapter IMAG-MAX/HF for curved surfaces. Can be combined with the GFS-3000 via the large Gas-Exchange Chamber 3010-GWK1 for simultaneous fluorescence imaging and gas exchange over 10 × 13 cm².  Go to MAXI Version

MINI Version
Compact and field-portable with a leaf clip holder for single-leaf measurements. The MINI version connects to the GFS-3000 Standard Measuring Head via the snap-on Adapter IMAG-MIN/GFS for combined fluorescence imaging and gas exchange. Ideal for researchers who need imaging in the field or want to add spatial resolution to their gas exchange experiments.  Go to MINI Version

MICROSCOPY Version
Integrates with a Zeiss Axioscope 5 microscope for cellular-level chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. Designed for single-cell analysis, tissue sections, and microalgae. The highest spatial resolution in the M-Series.  Go to MICROSCOPY Version

MOBILE Version
A lightweight, standalone imaging head for field measurements on flat surfaces. Designed for rapid screening in the field or greenhouse without a full laboratory setup.  Go to MOBILE Version

3D Version
Captures chlorophyll fluorescence images on non-flat, three-dimensional plant surfaces. Extends the imaging capability beyond planar samples to whole shoots, rosettes, and complex canopy structures.  Go to 3D Version

False-color chlorophyll fluorescence image showing spatial variation of photosynthetic activity across a leaf surface

For High-Throughput Screening

For automated, multi-sample screening applications, the HEXAGON-IMAGING-PAM provides a large-area imaging platform with a 20 × 24 cm measuring area. It is designed for plant phenotyping and high-throughput workflows. 

Go to HEXAGON-IMAGING-PAM

Application for IMAGING-PAM

Development of an AI-based, energy-optimized illumination system for urban indoor plant cultivation

WALZ in collaboration with the Federal Agency for Agriculture and Food (BLE), INUGA, the Fraunhofer UMSICHT, University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück and Computomics

The challenges faced by agricultural systems are increasing globally. Current studies indicate that reducing negative environmental impacts while maintaining yield and striving for higher product quality pose significant challenges. The central goal of LightSaverAI is to establish the foundation for an intelligent production system for indoor farming in urban spaces. This system measures chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlFl) as an indicator of photosynthetic rate, along with various environmental parameters, and analyzes them using AI approaches. As a result, the real-time light requirements of plants are assessed, and an LED illumination module is adjusted through a feedback loop to provide continuous illumination tailored to growth phases and environmental conditions. Leveraging LED technology, this system achieves maximum photosynthetic rates with minimal energy consumption.

Learn more about: INUGA: LightSaverAI

Energy-optimized illumination system for urban indoor plant cultivation in a greenhouse

Key features of the system

  • Customized, resource-efficient plant illumination
  • Capture and AI-based analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence and environmental parameters
  • Expected outcomes and applications: 
    Software for improved plant breeding and monitoring, leading to resource savings in indoor farming
    Enhanced use of image and data processing in horticulture
    Transferability to other production sectors (vegetable cultivation, spice and tea production, pharmaceutical industry)

Project participants:

  • Fraunhofer UMSICHT
  • Hochschule Osnabrück (Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences)
  • Computomics GmbH
  • Heinz Walz GmbH (Associate)

Project details:

  • Coordinator: Dr.-Ing. Dennis Schlehuber
  • Duration: April 15, 2022, to April 14, 2025

WALZ is proud to introduce the Phenoplate, an innovative tool designed to uncover the intricate relationship between photosynthesis, light, and temperature in real time. With its seamless integration of the MAXI-IMAGING-PAM and a thermocycler, the Phenoplate enables high-throughput measurements and dynamic control of temperature, providing invaluable insights into how various organisms respond to fluctuating environmental conditions. For a deeper look into this innovative approach, please refer to our technical documentation.

Phenoplate Key Features:

  • Precision Control of Temperature and Light: Simultaneously measure Photosystem II efficiency (Y(II)) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) while controlling temperature changes rapidly, enabling studies across multiple temperature gradients.

  • High-Throughput Capability: The Phenoplate’s ability to handle 96-well plates allows for the simultaneous assessment of numerous replicates, ensuring robust, reproducible data. Whether you're studying microalgae, corals, or terrestrial plants, the Phenoplate’s flexibility makes it an invaluable tool for diverse biological research.

  • Applications in Multiple Research Areas: From studying coral bleaching stress responses to examining how temperature and chemical gradients affect photosynthetic processes in microalgae, the Phenoplate provides a unique platform to capture key data for understanding photosynthesis in dynamic environments.
Electron transfer rates in Tilia cordata leaves as a function of light intensity and temperature
Electron transfer rates in Tilia cordata leaves as a function of light intensity and temperature.

A Game Changer for Photosynthesis Research:

The Phenoplate isn’t just an instrument; it’s a powerful research tool designed to unlock the full potential of your experiments. By combining controlled environments with high-throughput capacity, the Phenoplate offers a precise and solution for researchers studying the effects of environmental stress on photosynthetic organisms. The innovation was developed by scientists from the Climate Change Cluster at University of Technology Sydney.

IMAG-CG Multi Control Unit front panel
Accessory
Photosynthetic Light Reactions
IMAG-CG/MOD
Conversion of an existing IMAG-CG Multi Control Unit
Water
Field
Laboratory
Machined metal mounting plate with patterned circular holes and central mount.
Accessory
Photosynthetic Light Reactions
IMAG-HEX/F
Filter plate for reflection avoidance
Water
Laboratory
Control Computer of HEXAGON-IMAGING-PAM
Accessory
Photosynthetic Light Reactions
IMAG-HEX/PC
Control Computer
Laboratory
Hexagon-Imaging-PAM with IMAG-HEX/PH flowerpot holder tray holding nine round pots inside the measuring chamber
Accessory
Photosynthetic Light Reactions
IMAG-HEX/PH
Plant Pot Holder
Laboratory
IMAG-K9 camera
Accessory
Photosynthetic Light Reactions
IMAG-K9
Camera with 1/1.2” CMOS chip
Water
Field
Laboratory
IMAG-L625M5 red LED excitation light source with black cylindrical housing
Accessory
Photosynthetic Light Reactions
IMAG-L470M5
Microscope 470 nm LED lamp module
Water
Laboratory
IMAG-L625M5 red LED excitation light source with black cylindrical housing
Accessory
Photosynthetic Light Reactions
IMAG-L625M5
Microscope 625 nm LED lamp module
Water
Laboratory
Open leaf holder with fixed plant
Accessory
Photosynthetic Light Reactions
IMAG-MAX/B
Open leaf holder
Laboratory
carrier plate with 44 individual blue-green filters
Accessory
Photosynthetic Light Reactions
IMAG-MAX/F
Filter plate for reflection avoidance
Water
Laboratory
Fruit Adapter for MAXI Imaging version
Accessory
Photosynthetic Light Reactions
IMAG-MAX/HF
Fruit Adapter for MAXI Imaging version
Laboratory
LED array unit in black anodised aluminium housing with central lens aperture, cooling fan, heat sink vents, sensor mount and grey cable connection
Accessory
Photosynthetic Light Reactions
IMAG-MAX/LR
LED array when red excitation light (650 nm) is required
Water
Laboratory
IMAGING-PAM M-Series MINI head with leaf clip accessory mounted on tripod ball head, positioned in front of a potted plant for handheld or tripod-based chlorophyll fluorescence imaging
Accessory
Photosynthetic Light Reactions
IMAG-MIN/BK
Leaf Holder
Field
Laboratory
IMAG MIN GFP
Accessory
Photosynthetic Light Reactions
IMAG-MIN/GFP
LED-Array-Illumination Unit for GFP/Chl Imaging
Laboratory
adapter plate for coupling IMAGING-PAM M-Series MINI to Standard Measuring Head 3010-S with click mechanism
Accessory
Photosynthetic Light Reactions
Gas Exchange
IMAG-MIN/GFS
Adapter for GFS-3000
Water
Field
Laboratory
IMAGING-PAM MICRO version red LED measuring with red housing, black L-shaped bracket mount, sample frame at fixed working distance and grey Lemo cable for fluorescence imaging
Accessory
Photosynthetic Light Reactions
IMAG-MIN/R
MINI-Head (red)
Water
Field
Laboratory
fine drive tripod adapter with 120 mm rack-and-pinion rail, ball head tripod mount and IMAGING-PAM MINI head attachment
Accessory
Photosynthetic Light Reactions
IMAG-MIN/ST
Fine Drive Tripod Adapter
Water
Field
Laboratory
IMAG-RGB illumination head with white housing, grey control cable, clear fibre optic light guide, black flexible fluid light guide with collimator, and two black microscope adapter optics
Accessory
Photosynthetic Light Reactions
IMAG-RGB
Computer-assisted deconvolution of major algae groups
Water
Laboratory
Kowa lens as bundle together with spacer ring and PS II filter set
Accessory
Photosynthetic Light Reactions
K9-MAX
Lens (Fixed focal length) with Detection Filter
Laboratory
Ricoh zoom lens as bundle together with spacer ring and PS II filter set
Accessory
Photosynthetic Light Reactions
K9-MAX/Z
Zoom Lens with Detection Filter set
Water
Field
Laboratory
Tamron lens as bundle together with spacer ring and PS II filter set
Accessory
Photosynthetic Light Reactions
K9-MIN
Lens (fixed focal length) with detection filter set 
Water
Field
Laboratory
Laboratory stand with wooden base plate
Accessory
Photosynthetic Light Reactions
ST-101
Stand with Base Plate
Water
Field
Laboratory
Accessory
Photosynthetic Light Reactions
ST-1010
Compact Tripod
Water
Field
Laboratory
ULM-500 light meter
Accessory
Light Measurement
ULM-500
Universal Light Meter & Data logger
Water
Field
Laboratory
Mini Quantum PAR Sensor LS-C with miniaturised flat sensor head, coiled black cable
Accessory
Light Measurement
LS-C
Mini Quantum Sensor
Water
Field
Laboratory
WALZ miniature sensor head with optical element and cable
Accessory
Light Measurement
MQS-B
Cosine Corrected Mini Quantum Sensor
Field
Laboratory
Microscopy sensor without preamplifier
Accessory
Light Measurement
MC-MQS/OVV
Microscopy irradiation sensor
Laboratory

Scientific Publications using Walz Devices

Source: Google Scholar.
Keywords: (Walz OR Waltz) Effeltrich.
Date: June 22, 2026.

Ʃ = 19642

Per Year

Source: Google Scholar.
Keywords: (Walz OR Waltz) Effeltrich.
Date: June 22, 2026.

Ʃ = 19642

Year

Selected Publications

The compensatory response of photosystem II photochemistry to short-term insect herbivory is suppressed under water deficit

Moustaka J, Sperdouli I, Andreadis SS, Stoikou N, Giannousi K, Dendrinou-Samara C, Moustakas M

Insects 16: 984 [MINI]

Go to publication

Developmental and environmental effects on VTC2-dependent leaf ascorbate accumulation and functions

Kappel S, Frieboes MJ, Yokoyama R, Kappel C, Tóth SZ, Fernie A, Jahns P, Smirnoff N, Aarabi F, Armbruster U

Journal of Experimental Botany 76: 3823-3833 [MAXI]

Go to publication

Jasmonates regulate light-induced patchoulol biosynthesis in Pogostemon cablin

Wang Y, Ou D, Huang H, Zeng Y, Chen Z, Hong L. Wang M, Shen Y, Chang Z, Duan S, Jin H-L, Wang H-B

Medicinal Plant Biology 4: e015 [MAXI]

Go to publication

The thylakoid lumen Deg1 protease affects non-photochemical quenching via the levels of violaxanthin de-epoxidase and PsbS

Aviv-Sharon E, Sultan LD, Naveh L, Kupervaser M, Reich Z, Charuvi D, Adam Z

The Plant Journal 121: e17263 [MAXI]

Go to publication

StTCTP positively regulates StSN2 to enhance drought stress tolerance in potato by scavenging reactive oxygen species

Liu S, Zhang F, Feng H, Wang X, Wang Q, Lai X, Yan L

International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26: 2796 [MAXI]

Go to publication

Rhizosphere and root-associated microbial community structures and plant physiology responses to large patch disease in zoysiagrass

Zheng X, Tang H, Wie H, Liu W, Liu T

Grass Research 5: e019 [MAXI]

Go to publication

Controlling lampenflora in heritage sites: in situ testing of polyoxometalate-ionic liquids in the Pommery Champagne cellar

Eyssautier-Chuine S, Besaury L, Vaillant-Gaveau N, Villaume S, Habrant A, Franco-Castillo I, Rondeau M, Aggad D, Gommeaux M, Fronteau G, Mitchell SG

ChemPlusChem 90: e202500043 [MAXI]

Go to publication

WRKY27-SPDS1 module of Ichang papeda (Citrus ichangensis) promotes cold tolerance by modulating spermidine content

Qu J, Xiao P, Wang Y, Wang Y, Xiao W, Zhang Y, Xu X, Liu J-H

Horticulture Research 12: uhaf065 [MAXI]

Go to publication

Photosynthetic activity in the heterotropic plant genus Cuscuta (Convolvulaceae) is modulated by phylogeny and ontogeny

Schneider AC, Ekwealor JTB, Besik A, Ibrahim N, Ensminger I, Stefanovic S

Annals of Botany, in press [MINI/GFP]

Go to publication

Heat-tolerant algal symbiont may prevent extirpation of the threatenend elkhorn, Acropora palmata, in Florida during intensifying marine heatwaves

Karp RF, Lepiz-Conejo F, Matsuda SB, Corbett B, Wen AD, Unsworth JD, d’Alessandro M, Nedimyer K, Moura A, Muller EM, Craig Z, Lirman D, Cunning R, Baker AC

Coral Reefs 44: 953-965 [MAXI]

Go to publication

Recovery of five cool-season turfgrasses following long-term ice encasement

Watkins E, Petrella DP, Aamlid T, Christensen DC, Dalmannsdottir S, Hollman AP, Deters G

Crop Science 65: e70053 [MAXI]

Go to publication

Imaging PAM fluorometry reveals stable photosynthetic efficiency in multibiont symbiose on coral reefs

Bähr S, van der Meij SET, Santoro EP, Benzoni F

Frontiers in Marine Science 12: 1568287 [MAXI]

Go to publication

Selective nutrient incorporation may underestimate heterotrophy of a mixotrophic reef-building coral

Love CR, Stuhr M, Fox MD, Radice VZ, Fine M, McMahon KW, Valentine DL

Communications Biology 8: 1285 [MAXI]

Go to publication

Synergistic effects of Dysmorphococcus globus on selenium enrichment and astaxanthin accumulation

Zhong M, Huang X, Zhang X, Hussain Z, Zan Z, Wang Q, Xie X, Ren M

Foods 14: 3249 [MAXI]

Go to publication

Heterogeneity of photosynthetic light acclimation within single leaves of Fagus sylvatica

Thomann G, Bilger W

Trees 39: 104 [MAXI]

Go to publication

Light limitation and foliar pathogenic infection impact phloem anatomy and function in Pinus radiata D. Don

Gómez-Gallego M, Sellier D, Dickson A, Bader MK-F, Leuzinger S

Plant, Cell & Environment 48: 6356-6372 [MAXI]

Go to publication

Transcriptomic analysis reveals the participation of NTRC in iron homeostasis in Arabidopsis

Rodríguez-Marín F, Pérez-Ruiz JM, Cejudo FJ

Physiologia Plantarum 177: e70203 [MAXI]

Go to publication

The photosynthetic response of the freshwater red alga Thorae okadae to environmental gradients of temperature, irradiance, dessication, and salinity: adaptations to its stream habitat

Terada R, Makino K, Nishihara GN

Journal of Applied Phycology 37: 2753-2768 [MINI]

Go to publication

Quantifying coral-algal interactions in an acidified ocean: Sargassum spp. exposure mitigates low pH effects on Acropora cervicornis health

Lankes JD, Page HN, Quasunella A, Torkelson JF, Lemaire C, Nowicki RJ, Blasius L, Hall ER

Frontiers in Marine Science 12: 1487102 [MAXI]

Go to publication

Salt gradient-driven adaptation in okra: uncovering mechanisms of tolerance and growth regulation

Yang X, He J, Xu L, Kong M, Huo Q, Song J, Han W, Lv G

Frontiers in Plant Science 16: 1648092 [MAXI]

Go to publication

AvERF73 positively regulates waterlogging tolerance in kiwifruit by participating in hypoxia response and mevalonate pathway

Bai D, Zhong Y, Gu S, Qi X, Sun L, Lin M, Wang R, Li Y, Hu C, Fang J

Horticultural Plant Journal 11: 162-174 [MAXI]

Go to publication

SICV affects starch metabolism by regulating SIBAM3 stability under low night temperature stress in tomatoes

Lu J, Chen Y, Zhang T, Wang F, Qi M, Li T, Liu Y

Horticulture Research 12: uhaf233 [MAXI]

Go to publication

The ABF4-bHLH28-COMT5 module regulates melatonin synthesis and root development for drought tolerance in citrus

Zhu J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Xiao W, Khan M, Fang T, Ming R, Dahro B, Liu J-H, Jiang L

The Plant Journal 121: e70078 [MAXI]

Go to publication

PFAS-herbicide diflufenican reduces the photosynthetic capacity in seagrass (Zostera marina L.)

Bastegaard VK, Brodersen KE

Marine Environmental Research 210: 107342 [MINI]

Go to publication

UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 signalling enhances photosynthetic resilience to herbicide-induced damage in Arabidopsis thaliana

Groves CL, Franklin KA

New Phytologist 247: 1763-1776 [MAXI]

Go to publication

Photosynthetic capacity and pigment distribution of a siphonous green alga, Dichotomosiphon tuberosus

Seki S, Kobayashi K, Fujii R

Photosynthesis Research 163: 30 [MAXI]

Go to publication

Bioprinted photosynthetic living materials

Sun Y

PhD Thesis University of California San Diego [MINI]

The chloroplast RNA-binding protein CP29A supports rbcL expression during cold acclimation

Lenzen B, Rösch F, Legen J, Ruwe H, Kachariya N, Sattler M, Small I, Schmitz-Linneweber C

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 122: e2403969122 [MAXI]

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Monitoring of spatial heterogeneity of chlorophyll fluorescence of cotton leaves at the early stage of Verticillium wilt based on spectral imaging

Yang M, Ma Y, Ren H, Wang J, Zhou J, Gui Y, Bai W, Huang C, Zhang Z, Lv X

Industrial Crops & Products 226: 120663 [MAXI]

Go to publication

Chlorophyll fluorescence responses to CO2 availability reveal crassulacean acid metabolism in epiphytic orchids

Bekki S, Suetsugu K, Kobayashi K

Journal of Plant Research 138: 323-326 [MAXI]

Go to publication

Resistance to the herbicide metribuzin conferred to Arabidopsis thaliana by targeted base editing of the chloroplast genome

Nakazato I, Yamori W, Matsumura H, Qu Y, Okuno M, Tsutsumi N, Arimura S

Plant Biotechnology Journal 23: 204-215 [MAXI]

Go to publication

The vacuolar inosital transporter BvINT1;1 contributes to raffinose biosynthesis and reactive oxygen species scavenging during cold stress in sugar beet

Berg J, Rodrigues CM, Scheid C, Pirotte Y, Picco C, Scholz-Starke J, Zierer W, Czarnecki O, Hackenberg D, Ludewig F, Koch W, Neuhaus HE, Müdsam C, Pommerrenig B, Keller I

Plant, Cell & Environment 48: 3471-3486 [MINI]

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Influences of environmental and leaf functional traits variations on photosynthetic characteristics of Cotoneaster multiflorus in Xinglong Mountain

Han L, Ma X, Zhao C, Liu D

Frontiers in Plant Science 16: 1562491 [MAXI]

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Photoprotective strategies in pale versus melanic boreal hair lichens: non-photochemical quenching compensates for less protective fungal pigments

Solhaug KA, Gauslaa Y

Planta 262: 3 [MAXI]

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Synchotron macro-ATR-FTIR: a powerful technique for analyzing changes in plant cell chemical composition after surfactant exposure

Tran TLC, Klein AR, Vongsvivut J, Wang Y, Kong L, Yang W, Cahill D

The Plant Journal 122: e70227 [MINI]

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Correlation analysis of twig and leaf characteristics and leaf thermal dissipation of Hippophae rhamnoides in the riparian zone of the Taohe River in Gansu Province, China

Li Q, Ma M, Tang Y, Zhao T, Zhao C, Li B

Plants 14: 282 [MAXI]

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Integrating transcriptomics and metabolomics to comprehensively analyze phytohormone regulatory mechanisms in Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall. under UV-B radiation

Yu W, Sun Q, Xu H, Zhou X

International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26: 1545 [MAXI]

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A novel method for measuring heat injury in leaves provides insights into the sequence of processes of heat injury development

Bertel C, Neuner G

Plant Methods 21: 89 [MAXI]

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Methyl jasmonate was involved in hydrogen sulfide-alleviated cadmium stress in cucumber plants through ROS homeostasis and chlorophyll metabolism

Niu L, Zhao H, Tang Y, Zhu B, Zhao Y, Wang Q, Yu J

International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26: 475 [MAXI]

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In situ cavitation bubble manometry reveals a lack of light-activated guard cell turgor modulation in bryophytes

Brodersen CR, Brodribb TJ, Hochberg U, Holbrook NM, McAdam SAM, Zailaa J, Huggett BA, Marmottant P

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 122: e2419887122 [MINI]

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The extended photoperiod impacts on sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum) in natural tropical greenhouse

He J, Nair A, Qin L

Horticulturae 11: 324 [MAXI]

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Postharvest dynamics of photosynthesis in fresh-cut lettuce

Steensma P, Shapiguzov A, Annala L, Vainonen JP, Mikkonen KS, Kangasjärvi S

Physiologia Plantarum 177: e70433 [MAXI]

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Differentiation trajectory of virus-induced tumour cells in rice revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing

Wu N, Gan L, Suo Q, Yang F, Liu W, Wang X, Jin H

Plant Biotechnology Journal 23: 4794-4812 [MINI]

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Genome-wide identification of APX genes in flax (Linum usitatissimum) and functional characterization of LuAPX12 in osmotic and salinity stress responses

Li Y-D, Ma R, Zheng Y-X, Xie L-Q

BMC Plant Biology 25: 939 [MAXI]

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Multi-omics research reveals the effects of the ABA-regulated phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway on the UV-B response in Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall.

Yu W, Zhou X, Meng J, Zhou X, Xu H

Plants 14: 101 [MAXI]

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Response of cool-season turfgrass monocultures and two-way mixtures to sequential acute drought periods

Breuillin-Sessoms F, Petrella D, Deters G, Turbeville J, Watkins E

Crop Science 65: e21385 [MAXI]

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Temperature-dependent responses of the hard corals Acropora sp. and Pocillopora verrucosa to molecular hydrogen

Ostendarp M, de Breuyn M, El-Khaled Y, Garcias-Bonet N, Carvalho S, Peixoto RS, Wild C

PLoS ONE 20: e0308894 [MAXI]

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Sowing methods and strigolactones alleviate damage to the photosynthetic system of rice seedlings under salt stress by enhancing antioxidant capacity

Duan S, Zhao L, Chen W, Zhang Q, Ya J, Zhong W, Shang Q, Tu J, Xiang H, Zhang J, Zhang J

Antioxidants 14: 1020 [MINI]

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Anthropogenic impacts on coral-algal interactions of the subtropical lagoonal reef, Norfolk Island

Ho ML, Page C, Leggat B, Gaston T, Eckhardt S, Ainsworth T

Integrative Organismal Biology 7: obaf004 [MAXI]

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Synergistic effects of supplemental lighting and foliar phosphorus application on flowering in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis)

Sun D, Hu C, Yang Y, Wang H, Yan T, Wu C, Hu Z, Lu X, Zhou B

Horticulturae 11: 478 [MAXI]

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Light response of karyostrophy in the benthic pennate diatom Pleurosigma strigosum (Bacillariophyceae): a complementary photoprotective process?

Bastos A, Morelle J, Frankenbach S, Lavaud J, Serôdio J

Journal of Phycology 61: 1140-1152 [MICROSCOPY]

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Genome-wide identification and expression divergence of CBF family in Actinidia arguta and functional analysis of AaCBF4 under cold stress

Li S, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Zhang P, Li C, Sun L, Fang J, Wang R, Wei F, Li Y, Lin M, Qi X

Life 15: 227 [MAXI]

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Phototropin connects blue light perception to starch metabolism in green algae

Yuan Y, Iannetta AA, Kim M, Sadecki PW, Arend M, Tsichla A, Ruiz-Sola MA, Kepesidis G, Falconet D, Thevenon E, Tardif M, Brugière S, Couté Y, Kleman JP, Sizova I, Schilling M, Jouhet J, Hegemann P, Li-Beisson Y, Nikoloski Z, Bastien O, Hicks LM, Petroutsos D

Nature Communications 16: 2524 [MAXI]

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Roles of vertical light-conducting carriers applied in microalgal-bacterial biofilm for enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal

Cao Y-S, Cheng Y-Q, Liu Y, Zhou X-R, Tang C-C, He Z-W, Wang W-Q, Tian Y, Wang XC

Bioresource Technology 441: 133633 [MAXI]

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Effects of high light intensity and spectral variability on maize photosynthesis and growth

Pappert I, Ühlein C, Jokic L, Kaldenhoff R

Frontiers in Plant Science 16: 1511768 [MAXI]

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Ice and air: visualisation of freeze-thaw embolism and freezing spread in young L. tulipifera leaves.

Johnson KM, Scherer M, Gerber D, Style RW, Dufresne ER, Brodersen CR

Journal of Experimental Botany 76: 5573-5587 [MINI]

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Chloroplast precursor protein preClpD overaccumulation triggers multilevel reprogramming of gene expression and a heat shock-like response

Hong Z-H, Zhu L, Gao L-L, Zhu Z, Su T, Krall L, Wu X-N, Bock R, Wu G-Z

Nature Communications 16: 3777 [MAXI]

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance the saline-alkali tolerance of apple rootstock M9-T337 by regulating chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and hormone balance

Sun Y, Xian X, Han C, Chen P, Zhai J, Liu B, Wang Y

Fruit Research 5: e0104 [MAXI]

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Recovery of the cortical chloroplast layer in the green alga Chara after local irradiation

Hoepflinger MC, Höftberger M, Sommer A, Hohenberger F, Schagerl M, Foissner I

Frontiers in Plant Science 16: 1544999 [MICROSCOPY]

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Single-cell sequencing reveals dynamic cell development trajectories in two kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) genotypes with contrasting cold resistance

Lin M, Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Sun S, Li Y, Liu M, Li Y, Li C, Fang J, Qi X

Horticulture Advances 3: 24 [MAXI]

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Chloroplastic aspartyl-tRNA synthetase is requirede for chloroplast development, photosynthesis and photorespiratory metabolism

Xi Y, Cai J, Peng Q, Li G, Zhu G

Plant, Cell & Environment 48: 2998-3011 [MAXI]

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Heat-evolved microalgae (Symbiodiniceae) are stable symbionts and influence thermal tolerance of the sea anemone Exaiptasia diaphana

Chan WY, Sakamoto R, Doering T, Narayana VK, de Souza DP, McConville MJ, van Oppen MJH

Environmental Microbiology 27: e70011 [MAXI]

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A Mg-chetalase subunit I missense mutant in barley exhibits a cold sensitive phenotype under field conditions

Persello A, Torricella V, Ballabio F, Bertaso C, Rotasperti L, Jeran N, Masiero S, Capra NG, Capelli R, Camilloni C, Rossini L, Horner DS, Camerlengo F, Sangiorgi G, Krieger-Liszkay A, Petrac S, Tadini L, Grimm B, Pesaresi P

Physiologia Plantarum 177: e70434 [MAXI]

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Mitigating algal competition with fouling-prevention coatings for coral restoration and reef engineering

Karimi Z, Flores I, Kolle S, Kundu S, Walton E, Badder L, Levy N, Berry DB, Schar D, Levy J, Aizenberg J, R3D consortium, Wangpraseurt D

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 13: 5808-5817 [MINI]

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Functional relationship of atypical thioredoxins with NADPH-thioredoxin reductase C and 2-Cys periredoxins in Arabidopsis chloroplasts

Jiménez-López J, Casatejada A, Gálvez-Ramírez A, Pérez-Ruiz JM, Cejudo FJ

Journal of Experimental Botany 76: 5481-5498 [MAXI]

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Transcriptomic and metabolomic evidence reveal the vital role of lactose in the acquistion of rapid dessication tolerance in Boea hygrometrica

Sun R-Z, Wang Y-Y, Chen X-X, Deng X

Plant, Cell & Environment 48: 4564-4584 [MAXI]

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Assessment of the morphological features, physiological and photosynthetic activity of the different cell forms of Symbiodinaceae using microfluidic methods

Szabó M, Szabó Z, Ábrahám Á, Nagy K, Sass L, Galajda P, Vass I

Frontiers in Photobiology 3: 1645420 [MICROSCOPY]

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Physiological and transcriptomic analysis of Spartina alterniflora in response to imazapyr acid stress

Liu Y, Li Z, Li L, Jiang X, Gao C, Zhao J

BMC Plant Biology 25: 630 [MAXI]

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An antagonism between ethylene signaling and DNA methylation orchestrates the progression of leaf senescence in non-heading Chinese cabbage

Zhang D, Luo Y, Wang H, Li X, Miao L, Gao L, Hao H, Wang X, Kuai B, Zhu H, Ren G

Advanced Science 12: e14954 [MAXI]

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Melatonin improves salt tolerance in tomato seedlings by enhancing photosystem II functionality and Calvin Cycle activity

Chen X, Chen B, Jiang Y, Zhang J, Liu M, Yang Q, Liu H

Plants 14: 1785 [MAXI]

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Protection of photosynthesis by UVR8 and Cryptochromes in Arabidopsis under blue and UV radiation

Morales LO, Shapiguzov A, Rai N, Aphalo PJ, Brosché

Plant, Cell & Environment 48: 6321-6335 [MAXI]

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Loss of state transitions in Bryopsidales macroalgae and kleptoplastic sea slugs (Gastropoda, Sacoglossa)

Havurinne V, Rivoallan, Mattila H, Tyystjärvi E, Cartaxana P, Cruz S

Communications Biology 8: 869 [MINI]

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Squalene acts as a feedback signaling molecule in facilitating bidirectional communication between tea plants

Jin J, Zhao M, Yu K, Zhang M, Wang J, Hu Y, Guo D, Wang K, Wang Q, Cui J, Liu Y, Jing T, Schwab W, Song C

Science Advances 11: eads4888 [MAXI]

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Optimizing growth, physiology, and saponin production in Primula veris L. through tailored LED light spectra for energy-efficient cultivation

Tsivelika N, Koumparelou D, Chatzigeorgiou I, Sperdouli I, Abraham E, Panajiotidis S, Angeli A, Ntinas GK, Martens S, Sarrou E

Agronomy 15: 2184 [MAXI]

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Autoendolithic coral symbionts are sheltered from UV radiation

Varotti C, Bollati E, Murthy S, Serôdio J, Kühl M, Frommlet J

Research Summit 2025 Universidade de Aveiro 107 [MICROSCOPY]

Guard-cell expression of abscisic acid resceptors for engineering water-use-efficient plants without trade-offs in growth

Liu J, Schäufele R, Christmann A, Ahmed M, Yang Z

New Phytologist 248: 690-705 [MAXI]

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Overexpression of StHsfA2 enhances thermotolerance and promotes tuberization in potato under high temperature through StSP6A

Zhang R, Du W, He Q, Li D, Luo B, Cao L, Wang X, Zeng Z, Wu J, Chen C

Plant Biotechnology Journal 23: 5045-5062 [MAXI]

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Possible lessons of a model experiment: to what extent can UV activate the production of leaf phenolics in indoor plant cultivation?

Csepregi K, Rácz A, Czégény G, Hideg E

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 219: 109333 [MAXI]

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Elevated temperature decreases stony coral tissue loss disease transmission, with little effect of nutrients

Palacio-Castro AM, Soderberg N, Zagon Z, Cooke K, Studivan MS, Gill T, Kelble C, Christian T, Enochs IC

Scientific Reports 15: 22261 [MAXI]

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Siphonous green macroalgae with contrasting capacities for the energy-dependent quenching, qE, rely on different photoprotective mechanisms

Mattila H, Havurinne V, Cartaxana P, Cruz S

bioRxiv [MINI]

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Effect of light intensity and light spectrum of LED light sources on photosynthesis and secondary metabolite synthesis in Ocimum basilicum

Jokic L, Pappert I, Khanh TQ, Kaldenhoff R

Plants 14: 1334 [MAXI]

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Inhibiting inositol transport disrupts metabolite profiles and mimics heat stress in a model cnidarian-Symbiodiniaceae symbiosis

Turner LD, Raina J-B, Kuzhiumparambil U, Songsomboom K, Matthews JL

Communications Biology 8: 755 [MAXI]

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Thermal stability changes of photosynthesis during osmotic and salt stress in wheat varieties cultivated in Central Europe and Mediterranean North Africa

Allem A, Tarnai R, Tóth SB, Abido WAE and Dulai S

Photosynthetica 63: 165-181 [MAXI]

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Combined enhancement of ascorbic acid, beta-carotene and zeaxanthin in gene-edited lettuce

Livneh Y, Leor-Librach E, Agmon D, Makov-Bouaniche T, Tiwari V, Shor E, Yeselson Y, Masci T, Schaffer A, Charuvi D, Hirschberg J, Vainstein A

Plant Biotechnology Journal 23: 1954-1967 [MAXI]

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PiERF1 regulates cold tolerance in Plumbago indica L. through ethylene signalling

Zhao Z-A, Li Y-R, Lei T, Liu C-L, Zeng Q-X, Liu X, Yang L-Y, Li J-N, Gao S-P

Scientific Reports 15: 1735 [MAXI]

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Integrative transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis elucidates the vital pathways underlying the differences in salt stress responses between two chickpea (Cicer arientinum) varieties

Duan G, Liang C, Su J, Liang Y, Li W, Zhang J, Zhang Y

BMC Plant Biology 25: 903 [MAXI]

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Additive effects of climate change-related stress factors in Fucus serratus and Fucus vesiculosus

Pedersen MF, Buivydaite Ž, Stelzner Grønvall N, Lilja MA, Krijom F, Nepper-Davidsen J

Marine Ecology Progress Series 762: 13-26 [MAXI]

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RNA-seq analysis and candidate gene mining of Gossypium hirsutum stressed by Verticillium dahliae cultured at different temperatures.

Yang N, Gong Z, Liang Y, Geng S, Sun F, Li X, Qian S, Lai C, Yusuyin M, Wang J, Zheng J

Plants 13: 2688

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Acclimation of intertidal macroalgae Ulva prolifera to UVB radiation: the important role of alternative oxidase.

Xu J, Zhao X, Zhong Y, Qu T, Sun B, Zhang H, Hou C, Zhang Z, Tang X, Wang Y

BMC Plant Biology 24: 143

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Integrated analysis of the physiological, transcriptomic and metabolomic responses of Neopophyra haitanensis after exposure to UV-B radiation: an energy metabolism perspective

Wang X, Zang Y, Xue S, Shang S, Xin J, Tang L, Chen J, Tang X

Frontiers in Marine Science 11: 1372252

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Tolerance enhancement of Dendrobium officinale by salicylic acid family-related metabolic pathways under unfavorable temperature. (Maxi)

Wang W, Zheng M, Shen Z, Meng H, Chen L, Li T, Lin F, Hong L, Lin Z, Ye T, Guo Y, He E

BMC Plant Biology 24: 770

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Supplementary low far-red light promotes proliferation and photosynthetic capacity of blueberry in vitro plantlets.

Wang Y, Jiang Z, Li W, Yang X, Li C, Cai D, Pan Y, Su W, Chen R

International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25: 688

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Eco-design marine infrastructure: enhancing biofilm colonization on 3D printing concrete. (Maxi)

Vivier B, Lombois-Burger H, Dubois-Brugger I, Wagner J, Morin V, Maurice F, Toulot E, Duchand S, Delebecque M, Zhang Q

Rencontres de l’Ingénierie Maritime 2024

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Phenology and the response of photosynthesis to irradiance and temperature gradient in the herbal drug red alga, Chondria armata (Rhodomelaceae, Ceramiales) from Kagoshima, Japan. (Mini)

Terada R, Yoshizato K, Murakami K, Nishihara GN

Journal of Applied Phycology 36: 2139-2152

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STIC2 selectively binds ribosome-nascent chain complexes in the cotranslational sorting of Arabidopsis thylakoid proteins.

Stolle DS, Osterhoff L, Treimer P, Lambertz J, Karstens M, Keller J-M, Gerlach I, Bischoff A, Dünschede B, Rödiger A, Herrmann C, Baginsky S, Hofmann E, Zoschke R, Armbruster U, Nowaczyk MM, Schünemann D

The EMBO Journal 43: 4699-4719

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The effects of elevated temperatures on the reproductive biology of a mediterranean coral, Oculina patagonica. (Maxi)

Shemesh T, Levy S, Einbinder A, Kolsky I, Bellworthy J, Mass T

Oceans 5: 758-769

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Extremely heat tolerant photosymbiosis in a shallow marine benthic foraminifera. (Maxi)

Schmidt C, Titelboim D, Brandt J, Herut B, Abramovich S, Almogi-Labin A, Kucera M

Scientific Reports 6: 30930

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Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (mtOXPHOS) serves as a sentinel to gauge fluctuations under heat stress in Arabidopsis thaliana elucidated by comparative transcriptomics. (Maxi)

Riaz M, Yasmeen E, Liu M, Ali HS, Lv M, Shi H, Du C, Dong T, Liu Z, Song Q, Ma QJ, Zuo K

Plant Stress 14: 100613

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Rational design of ROS scavenging and fluorescent gold nanoparticles to deliver siRNA to improve plant resistance to Pseudomonas syringae. (Mini)

Qi J, Li Y, Yao X, Li G, Xu W, Chen L, Xie Z, Gu J, Wu H, Li Z

Journal of Nanobiotechnology 22: 446

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A pgr5 suppressor screen uncovers two distinct suppression mechanisms and links cytochrome b6f complex stability to PGR5. (Hexagon)

Penzler J-F, Naranjo B, Walz S, Marino G, Kleine T, Leister D

The Plant Cell 36: 4245-4266

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Ecotoxicological effects of suspended sediments on marine microalgae using flow cytometry and pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometry.

Park SY, Lee J, Kwon I, Song H, Kim B, Kim T, Lee C, Yoon SJ, Noh J, Hong S, Khim JS

Marine Pollution Bulletin 208: 116968

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Modulation of photosystem II function in celery via foliar-applied salicylic acid during gradual water deficit stress. (Maxi)

Moustakas M, Panteris E, Moustaka J, Aydin T, Bayçu G, Sperdouli I

International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25: 6721

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Photoprotective mechanisms in Elysia species hosting Acetabularia chloroplasts shed light on host-donor compatibility in photosynthetic sea slugs. (Mini)

Morelli L, Havurinne V, Madeira D, Martins P, Cartaxana P, Cruz S

Physiologia Plantarum 176: e14273

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The photoprotective behavior of a motile benthic diatom as elucidated from the interplay between cell motility and physiological responses to a light microgradient using a novel experimental setup. (Mini)

Morelle J, Bastos A, Frankenbach S, Frommlet JC, Campbell DA, Lavaud J, Serôdio J

Microbial Ecology 87: 40

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Molecular mechanisms of resistance against PS II-inhibiting herbicides in Amaranthus retroflexus from the Czech Republic. (Microscopy)

Mikulka J, Sen MK, Košnarova P, Hamouzová, Sur VP, Šuk J, Bhattacharya S, Soukup J

Genes 15: 904

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Ubiquitin-mediated degradation of SIPsbS regulates low night temperature tolerance in tomatoes. (Maxi)

Lu J, Yu J, Liu P, Gu J, Chen Y, Zhang T, Li J, Wang T, Yang W, Lin R, Wang F, Qi M, Li T, Liu Y

Cell Reports 43: 114757

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Establishment of a flow-through system for the macrophyte growth inhibition test (OECD 239) including photosynthetic activity measurement to determine early effects. (Maxi)

Lousberg J, Hanfland J, Kosak LA, Eilebrecht S, Ringbeck B, Schlich K

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 43: 2589-2600

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Resilience of Xanthoria parietina under Mars-like conditions: photosynthesis and oxidative stress response. (Maxi)

Lorenz C, Arena C, Vitale E, Bianchi E, Poggiali G, Alemanno G, Benesperi R, Brucato JR, Garland S, Helbert J, Loppi S, Lorek A, Maturilli A, Papini A, de Vera J-P, Baqué M

Planta 259: 25

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The microphytobenthos are abundant and mediate key carbon fluxes in tropical mangroves. (Maxi)

Loo YP, Ouyang X, Lai DYF, Lee SY

Estuaries and Coasts 47: 963-980

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The Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall.s’ acetylation modification of Rubisco enzymes controls carbon cycling to withstand UV-B stress. (Maxi)

Liu M, Gong F, Yu W, Cao K, Xu H, Zhou X

Biomolecules 14: 732

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Broad-spectrum ubiquitin/ubiquitin-like deconjugation activity of the rhizobial effector NopD from Bradyrhizobium (sp. XS1150). (Maxi)

Li Y, Perez-Gil J, Lois LM, Varajão N, Reverter D

Communications Biology 7: 644

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A quick and effective method for thermostability differentiation in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). (Maxi)

Liang Y, Xie W, Yang C, Yu B, Qin Q, Wang Y, Gan Y, Liu R, Qiu Z, Cao B, Yan S

Physiologia Plantarum 176: e14215

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Comparative phytotoxicity of metallic elements on duckweed Lemna gibba L. using growth- and chlorophyll fluorescence induction-based endpoints. (Maxi)

Irfan M, Mézaros I, Szabó S, Oláh V

Plants 13: 215

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CsABCG11.2 mediates theanine uptake to alleviate cadmium toxicity in tea plants (Camellia sinensis).

Hao X, Xiahou L, Zhao H, Liu J, Guo F, Wang P, Wang M, Wang Y, Ni D, Zhao H

Horticulture Advances 2: 19

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Loss of cold tolerance is conferred by absence of the WRKY34 promotor fragment during tomato evolution. (Maxi)

Guo M, Yang F, Zhu L, Wang L, Li Z, Qi Z, Fotopoulos V, Yu J, Zhou J

Nature Communications 15: 6667

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Impact of rare earth elements in sediments on the growth and photosynthetic efficiency of the benthic Myriophyllum aquaticum. (Maxi)

Gjata I, van Drimmelen CKE, Tommasi F, Paciolla C, Heise S

Journal of Soils and Sediments 24: 3814-3823

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Phosphorylation of 399S at CsHsp70 of Cymbidium sinense is essential to maintain chlorophyll stability. (Maxi)

Gao J, Lu C, Wei Y, Xie Q, Jin J, Li J, Yang F, Zhu G

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 211: 108518

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Tropical bloom-forming mesoalgae Cladophoropsis sp. and Laurencia sp. – responses to ammonium enrichment and a simulated heatwave. (Maxi)

Fricke A, Bast F, Moreira-Saporiti A, Busanello GM, Msuya FE, Teichberg M

Journal of Phycology 60: 554-573

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Enhanced cold tolerance with increased soil moisture: thermal tolerance variability among alpine Ranunculus species and hybrids in Kosciuszko National Park, Australia. (Maxi)

Erb N, Cary L

Field Studies in Ecology 5: 1

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Classification of tomato seedling chilling injury based on chlorophyll fluorescence imaging and DBO-BiLSTM. (Maxi)

Dong Z, Zhao J, Ji W, We1 W, Men Y

Frontiers in Plant Science 15: 1409200

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Photoperiod and temperature interactions drive the latitudinal distribution of Laminaria hyperborea (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) under climate change.

Diehl N, Laeseke P, Bartsch I, Bligh M, Buck-Wiese H, Hehemann J-H, Niedzwiedz S, Plag N, Karsten U, Shan T, Bischof K

Journal of Phycology 60: 1237-1255

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Unique photosynthetic strategies employed by closely related Breviolum minutum strains under rapid short-term cumulative heat stress.

Deore P, Ching SJTM, Nitschke MR, Rudd D, Brumley DR, Hinde E, Blackall LL, van Oppen MJH

Journal of Experimental Botany 75: 4005-4023

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Thermal tolerance traits of individual corals are widely distributed across the Great Barrier Reef. (Maxi)

Denis H, Bay LK, Mocellin VJL, Naugle MS, Lecellier G, Purcell SW, Berteaux-Lecellier V, Howells EJ

Proceedings of the Royal Society B 291: 20240587

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Assessment of concrete bioreceptivity and model organism performance for use in algal biofilm green façade systems. (Mini)

Cook J, Tonon C, Stohl L, von Werder J

11. Jahrestagung des DAfStb 159-166

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Exogenous calcium alleviates the photosynthetic inhibition and oxidative damage of the tea plant under cold stress. (Maxi)

Chen S, Wang L, Kang R, Liu C, Xing L, Wu S, Wang Z, Wu C, Zhou Q, Zhao R

Horticulturae 10: 666

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Comparative transcriptome analysis of salt-tolerant and -sensitive soybean cultivars under salt stress. (Maxi)

Cheng Y, Cheng X, Wei K, Wang Y

International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25: 9918

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In vitro culture of Campomanesia pubescens under different light qualities: a morphoanatomical and physiological characterization. (Maxi)

Rabelo Centofante A, Guimarães Silva F, Rubio Neto A, Rosa M, Higino de Lima e Silva F, Almeida Rodrigues A, Alves Oliveira E, Rabelo Centofante C

Contribuciones a las Ciencias Sociales 17: 1-26

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Transcription factors ABF4 and ABR1 synergistically regulate amylase-mediated starch catabolism in drought tolerance.

Zhang Y, Zhu J, Khan M, Wang Y, Xiao W, Fang T, Qu J, Xiao P, Li C, Liu J-H

Plant Physiology 191: 591-609

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Poly(ADP-ribose)-binding protein RCD1 is a plant PARylation reader regulated by photoregulatory protein kinases.

Vainonen JP, Gossens R, Krasensky-Wrzaczek J, De Masi R, Danciu I, Puukko T, Battchikova N, Jonak C, Wirthmueller L, Wrzaczek M

Communications Biology 6: 429

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A new biotechnology for in-planta gene editing and its application in promoting flavonoid biosynthesis in bamboo leaves.

Sun H, Wang S, Zhu C, Yang K, Liu Y, Gao Z

Plant Methods 19: 20

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Local adaptation through countergradient selection in northern populations of Skeletonema marinoi.

Sefbom J, Kremp A, Hansen PJ, Johannesson K, Godhe A, Rengefors K

Evolutionary Applications 16: 311-320

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Chemical mutagenesis and thermal selection of coral photosymbionts induce adaptation to heat stress with trait trade-offs.

Scharfenstein HJ, Alvarez-Roa C, Peplow LM, Buerger P, Chan WY, van Oppen MJH

Evolutionary Applications 16: 1549-1567

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CGL160-mediated recruitment of the coupling factor CF1 is required for efficient thylakoid ATP synthase assembly, photosynthesis, and chloroplast development in Arabidopsis.

Reiter B, Rosenhammer L, Marino G, Geimer S, Leister D, Rühle T

The Plant Cell 35: 488-509

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Bismuth exposure affects morpho-physiological performances and the ionomic profile in garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) plants.

Pietrini F, Passatore L, Carloni S, Massimi L, Astolfi ML, Giusti C, Zacchini M

Frontiers in Environmental Science 11: 1221573

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Weak acids produced during anaerobic respiration suppress both photosynthesis and aerobic respiration.

Pang X, Nawrocki WJ, Cardol P, Zheng M, Jiang J, Fang Y, Yang W, Croce R, Tian L

Nature communications 14: 4207

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Ascorbate-glutathione cycle involving in response of Bangia fuscopurpurea (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) to hyposalinity.

Niu C, Wang W, Yao H, Liang Z, Zhang P, Lu X

Frontiers in Marine Sciences 10: 1174472

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The role of the epidermal physode layer in UV protection of Fucus species.

Meichssner R, Wilkens M, Pescheck F, Bilger W

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology 15: 100174

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Influence of nitrogen on grapevine susceptibility to downy mildew.

Marciano D, Ricciardi V, Maddalena G, Massafra A, Fassolo EM, Masiero S, Bianco PA, Failla O, de Lorenzis G, Toffolatti SL

Plants 12: 263

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Survivability of the lichen Xanthoria parietina in simulated Martian environmental conditions.

Lorenz C, Bianchi E, Givanni Poggiali, Alemanno G, Benesperi R, Brucato JR, Garland S, Helbert J, Loppi S, Lorek A, Maturilli A, Papini A, de Vera J-P, Baqué M

Scientific Reports 13: 4893

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Morphological, antioxidase, and photosynthetic responses in Liaodong elata (Aralia elata) under treatments of light intensity.

Liu B, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Sui Y, Zhu H, Shi Y, Sui X, Li Y, Jiang X

Research Square

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The change in metabolic activity of a large benthic foraminifera as a function of light supply.

Lintner M, Lintner B, Schagerl M, Wanek W, Heinz P

Scientific Reports 13: 8240

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Photosynthesis in the biomass model species Lemna minor displays plant-conserved and species-specific features.

Liebers M, Hommel E, Grübler B, Danehl J, Offermann S, Pfannschmidt T

Plants 12: 2442

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Increased drought resistance in state transition mutants is linked to modified plastoquinone pool redox state.

Leverne L, Roach T, Perreau F, Maignan F, Krieger-Liszkay A

An ancient metabolite damage-repair system sustains photosynthesis in plants.

Leister D, Sharma A, Kerber N, Nägele T, Reiter B, Pasch V, Beeh S, Jahns P, Barbato R, Pribil M, Rühle T

Nature Communications 14: 3023

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Metrics of coral microfragment viability.

Lager C, Perry R, Day J, Page C, Mizobe M, Bouwmeester J, Consiglio AN, Powell-Palm MJ, Hagedorn M

Multiple paths of plant host toxicity are associated with the fungal toxin cercosporin.

Koh E, Chaturvedi AK, Javitt G, Brandis A, Fluhr R

Plant, Cell & Environment 46: 2542-2557

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(Z)-3-Hexenol integrates drought and cold stress signaling by activating abscisic acid glucosylation in tea plants.

Jin J, Zhao M, Jing T, Wang J, Lu M, Pan Y, Du W, Zhao C, Bao Z, Wei Z, Tang X, Schwab W, Song C

Plant Physiology 193: 1491-1507

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Effects of heat stress during seed filling stage on Brassica napus seed oil accumulation and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics.

Huang R, Yu H, Yang Y, Liu H, Wu X, Liu Z, He H, Wu G, Wang W, Wang H

Phyton – International Journal of Experimental Botany 92: 333-348

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A novel and high-throughput approach to assess photosynthetic thermal tolerance of kelp using chlorophyll a fluorometry.

Harris RJ, Bryant C, Coleman MA, Leigh A, Briceño VF, Arnold PA, Nicotra AB

Journal of Phycology 59: 179-192

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Transcriptome-wide identification and functional characterization of CIPK gene family members in Actinidia valvata under salt stress.

Gu S, Abid M, Bai D, Chen C, Sun L, Qi X, Zhong Y, Fang J

International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24: 805

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Environmental gradients reveal stress hubs pre-dating plant terrestrialization.

Dadras A, Fürst-Jansen, Darienko T, Krone D, Scholz P, Sun S, Herrfurth C, Rieseberg TP, Irisarri I, Steinkamp R, Hansen M, Buschmann H, Valerius O, Braus GH, Hoecker U, Feussner I, Mutwil M, Ischebeck T, de Vries S, Lorenz M, de Vries J

Nature Plants 9: 1419-1438

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Antibiotics reduce Pocillopora coral-associated bacteria diversity, decrease holobiont oxygen consumption and activate immune gene expression.

Connelly MT, Snyder G, Palacio-Castro AM, Gillette PR, Baker AC, Traylor-Knowles N

Molecular Ecology 32: 4677-4694

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Measuring photonics in photosynthesis: combined micro-fourier image spectroscopy and pulse amplitude modulated chlorophyll fluorimetry at the micrometre-scale.

Wardley WP, Goessling JW, Lopez-Garcia M

Biomimetics 7: 107

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AtRsmD is required for chloroplast development and chloroplast function in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Wang Z-Y, Qu W-T, Mei T, Zhang N, Yang N-Y, Xu X-F, Xiong H-B, Yang Z-N, Yu Q-B

Frontiers in Plant Science 13: 860945

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Colonisation of artificial structures by primary producers: competition and photosynthetic behaviour.

Vivier B, Navon M, Dauvin J-C, Chasselin L, Deloor M, Orvain F, Rusig A-M, Mussio I, Boutoil M, Claquin P

Biofouling 38: 493-506

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Desiccation tolerance in bryophytes relates to elasticity but is independent of cell wall thickness and photosynthesis.

Perera-Castro AV, Flexas J

Physiologia Plantarum 174: e13661

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Melanisation in boreal lichens is accompanied by variable changes in non-photochemical quenching.

Ndhlovu NT, Solhaug KA, Minibayeva F, Beckett RP

Plants 11: 2726

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Enzymes degraded under high light maintain proteostasis by transcriptional regulation in Arabidopsis

Li L, Duncan O, Ganguly DR, Lee CP, Crsip PA, Wijerathna-Yapa A, Salih K, Trösch J, Pogson B, Millar AH

Proceedings of the National Academies of Sciences USA 119: e2121362119

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Exogenous melatonin improved photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem II by reversible phosphorylation of thylakoid proteins in wheat under osmotic stress.

Lin S, Song X-F, Mao H-T, Li S-Q, Gan J-Y, Yuan M, Zhang Z-W, Yuan S, Zhang H-Y, Su Y-Q, Chen Y-E

Frontiers in Plant Science 13: 966181

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Clay 3D printing as a bio-design research tool: development of photosynthetic living building components.

Crawford A, In-na P, Caldwell G, Armstrong R, Bridgens B

Architectural Science Review 65: 185-195

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Rubredoxin 1 is required for formation of the functional photosystem II core complex in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Che L, Ruan J, Peng L, Zhang L

Frontiers in Plant Science 13: 824358

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Foliar-applied manganese and phosphorus in deficient barley: linking absorption pathways and leaf nutrients status.

Arsic M, Persson DP, Schjoerring JK, Thygesen LG, Lombi E, Doolette CL, Husted S

Physiologia Plantarum 174: e13761

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Microbiome signatures in Acropora cervicornis are associated with genotypic resistance to elevated nutrients and heat stress.

Palacio-Castro AM, Rosales SM, Dennison CE, Baker AC

Coral Reefs 41: 1389-1403

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Phase-selective synthesis of anatase and rutile TiO2 nanocrystals and their impacts on grapevine leaves: accumulation of mineral nutrients and triggering the plants defense.

Kőrösi L, Bognár B, Czegeny G, Lauciello S

Nanomaterials 12: 483

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Phenoplate: an innovative method for assessing interacting effects of temperature and light on non-photochemical quenching in microalgae under chemical stress.

Herdean A, Sutherland DL, Ralph PJ

New Biotechnology 66: 89-96

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New protective coatings against lampenflora growing in the Pommery Champagne cellar.

Franco-Castillo I, Misra A, Laratte S, Gommeaux M, Perarnau R, Vaillant-Gaveau N, Pierlot C, Streb C, Mitchell SG, Eyssautier-Chuine S

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 173: 105459

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Isoprene enhances leaf cytokinin metabolism and induces early senescence.

Dani KGS, Pollastri S, Pinosio S, Reichelt M, Sharkey TD, Schnitzler J-P, Loreto F

New Phytologist 234: 961-974

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Circadian and diel regulation of photosynthesis in the bryophyte Marchantia polymorpha.

Cuitun-Coronado D, Rees H, Colmer J, Hall A, de Barros Dantas LL, Dodd AN

Plant, Cell & Physiology 45: 2381-2394

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Assessment of temperature optimum signatures of corals at both latitudinal extremes of the Red Sea.

Banc-Prandi G, Evensen NR, Barshis DJ, Perna G, Omar YM, Fine M

Conservation Physiology 10: coac002

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Photosynthetic performance of symbiont‑bearing foraminifera Heterostegina depressa affected by sunscreens.

Lintner M, Schagerl M, Lintner B, Nagy M, Heinz P

Scientific Reports 12: 2750

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Plastid anionic lipids are essential for the development of both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organs in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Yoshihara A, Nagata N, Wada H, Kobayashi K

International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22: 4860

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Influence of magnetic field with Schumann resonance frequencies on photosynthetic light reactions in wheat and pea.

Sukhov V, Sukhova E, Sinitsyna Y, Gromova E, Mshenskaya N, Ryabkova A, Ilin N, Vodeneev V, Mareev E, Price C

Cells 10: 149

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Photobiological effects on ice algae of a rapid whole-fjord loss of snow cover during spring growth in Langerlussuaq, a West Greenland fjord.

Sorell BK, Hawes I, Stratmann T, Lund-Hansen LC

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9: 814

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Prevalence and photobiology of photosynthetic dinoflagellate endosymbionts in the nudibranch Berghia stephanieae.

Silva RXG, Cartaxana P, Calado R

Animals 11: 2200

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Dissection of the mechanism of growth inhibition resulting from loss of the PII protein in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942.

Sakamoto T, Takatani N, Sonoike K, Jimbo H, Nishiyama Y, Omata T

Plant & Cell Physiology 62: 721–731

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NTRC effects on non-photochemical quenching depends on PGR5.

Naranjo B, Penzler J-F, Rühle T, Leister D

Antioxidants 10: 900

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Effects of photoperiod and light spectra on growth and pigment composition of the green macroalga Codium tomentosum.

Marques R, Cruz S, Calado R, Lillebø A, Abreu H, Pereira R, Pitarma B, Marques da Silva J, Cartaxana P

Journal of Applied Phycology 33: 471-480

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Features and applications of a field imaging chlorophyll fluorometer to measure stress in agricultural plants.

Linn AI, Zeller AK, Pfündel EE, Gerhards R

Precision Agriculture 22: 947–963

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Assessment of various toxicity endpoints in duckweed (Lemna minor) at the physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels as a measure of diuron stress.

Lee H, Depuydt S, Shin K, Choi S, Kim G, Lee YH, Park JT, Han T, Park J

Biology 10: 684

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Inactivation of cytosolic FUMARASE2 enhances growth and photosynthesis under simultaneous copper and iron deprivation in Arabidopsis.

Garcia-Molina A, Lehmann M, Schneider K, Klingl A, Leister D

The Plant Journal 106: 766–784

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The endosymbiotic coral algae symbiodiniaceae are sensitive to a sensory pollutant: artificial light at night, ALAN.

Ayalon I, Benichou JIC, Avisar D, Levy O

Frontiers in Physiology 12: 695083

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A high-throughput method for measuring critical thermal limits of leaves by chlorophyll imaging fluorescence.

Arnold PA, Briceño VF, Gowland KM, Catling AA, Bravo LA, Nicotra AB

Functional Plant Biology 48: 634-646

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Features and applications of a field imaging chlorophyll fluorometer to measure stress in agricultural plants.

Linn AI, Zeller AK, Pfündel EE, Gerhards R

Precision Agriculture 22: 947-963

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Morphological and cytological observations of corolla green spots reveal the presence of functional chloroplasts in Japanese gentian.

Takahashi S, Ozawa S, Sonoike K, Sasaki K, Nishihara M

PLoS ONE 15: e0237173

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VENOSA4, a human dNTPase SAMHD1 homolog, contributes to chloroplast development and abiotic stress tolerance.

Xu D, Leister D, Kleine T

Plant Physiology 182: 721-729

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Chilli veinal mottle virus HCPro interacts with catalase to facilitate virus infection in Nicotiana tabacum.

Yang T, Qiu L, Huang W, Xu Q, Zou J, Peng Q, Lin H, Xi D

Journal of Experimental Botany 71: 5656-5668

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Rethinking the influence of chloroplast movements on non-photochemical quenching and photoprotection.

Wilson S, Ruban AV

Plant Physiology 183: 1213-1223

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Chemical genetics approach identifies abnormal inflorescence meristem 1 as a putative target of a novel sulfonamide that protects catalase2-deficient Arabidopsis against photorespiratory stress.

van der Meer T, Verlee A, Willems P, Impens F, Gevaert K, Testerink C, Stevens CV, van Breusegem F, Kerchev P

Cells 9: 2026

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HEBE, a novel positive regulator of senescence in Solanum lycopersicum.

Forlani S, Cozzi C, Rosa S, Tadini L, Masiero S, Mizzotti C

Scientific Reports 10: 11021

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Functional trade-off of hydration strategies in old forest epiphytic cephalolichens.

Ås Hovind AB, Phinney NH, Gauslaa Y

Fungal Biology 124: 903-913

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Bioimaging techniques reveal foliar phosphate uptake pathways and leaf phosphorus status.

Arsic M, Le Tougaard S, Pergament Persson D, Juel Martens H, Doolette CL, Lombi E, Schjoerring JK, Husted S

Plant Physiology 183: 1472-1483

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Acclimation of Arabidopsis thaliana to low temperature protects against damage of photosystem II caused by exposure to UV-B radiation at 9 °C.

Schultze M, Bilger W

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 134: 73-80

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Effects of natural solar UV-B radiation on three Arabidopsis accessions are strongly affected by seasonal weather conditions.

Coffey A, Jansen MAK

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 134: 64-72

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Fluctuating light experiments and semi-automated plant phenotyping enabled by self-built growth racks and simple upgrades to the IMAGING-PAM.

Schneider D, Lopez LS, Li M, Crawford JD, Kirchhoff H, Kunz H-H

Plant Methods 15: 156

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Noninvasive phenotyping of plant-pathogen interaction: consecutive in situ imaging of fluorescing Pseudomonas syringae, plant phenolic fluorescence, and chlorophyll fluorescence in Arabidopsis leaves.

Hupp S, Rosenkranz M, Bonfig K, Pandey C, Roitsch T

Frontiers in Plant Science 10: 1239

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Exogenous glycinebetaine reduces cadmium uptake and mitigates cadmium toxicity in two tobacco genotypes differing in cadmium tolerance.

He X, Richmond MEA, Williams DV, Zheng W, Wu F

International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20: 1612

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Red sea corals under artificial light pollution at night (ALAN) undergo oxidative stress and photosynthetic impairment.

Ayalon I, de Barros Marangoni LF, Benichou JIC, Avisar D, Levy O

Global Change Biology 25: 4194-4207

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Strigolactone-induced senescence of a bamboo leaf in the dark is alleviated by exogenous sugar.

Tian M-Q, Jiang K, Takahashi I, Li G-D

Journal of Pesticide Science 43: 173-179

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Salinity reduces 2,4-D efficacy in Echinochloa crusgalli by affecting redox balance, nutrient acquisition, and hormonal regulation.

Islam F, Xie Y, Farooq MA, Wang J, Yang C, Gill RA, Zhu J, Zhou W

Protoplasma 255: 785-802

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Morpho-anatomical and physiological differences between sun and shade leaves in Abies alba Mill. (Pinaceae, Coniferales): a combined approach.

Dörken VM, Lepetit B

Plant, Cell & Environment 41: 1683-1697

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A Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene from Saussurea involucrate Kar. & Kir., SiCSD, enhances drought, cold, and oxidative stress in transgenic tobacco.

Zhang L, Sun L, Zhang L, Qiu H, Liu C, Wang A, Deng F, Zhu J

Canadian Journal Plant Science 97: 816-826

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SNOWY COTYLEDON 2 promotes chloroplast development and has a role in leaf variegation in both Lotus japonicus and Arabidopsis thaliana.

Zagari N, Sandoval-Ibañez O, Sandal N, Su J, Rodriguez-Concepcion M, Stougaard J, Pribil M, Leister D, Pulido P

Molecular Plant 10: 721-734

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Mutation in Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase decreases photosynthesis capacity in rice.

Wang X, Huang R, Quan R

PLoS ONE 12: e0171118

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Direct impact of the sustained decline in the photosystem II efficieny upon plant productivity at different developmental stages.

Tian Y, Ungerer P, Zhang H, Ruban AV

Journal of Plant Physiology 212: 45-53

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Quantifying the efficiency of photoprotection

Ruban AV

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 372: 20160393

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Is colonization of sea ice by diatom facilitated by increased surface roughness in growing ice crystals?

Lund-Hansen LC, Hawes I, Holtegaard Nielsen M, Sorell BK

Polar Biology 40: 593-602

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Expanding the Symbiodinium (Dinophyceae, Suessiales) toolkit through protoplast technology.

Levin RA, Suggett DJ, Nitschke MR, van Oppen MJH, Steinberg PD

Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 64: 588-597

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The diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum adjusts nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching capacity in response to dynamic light via fine-tuned Lhcx and xanthophyll cycle pigment synthesis.

Lepetit B, Gélin G, Lepetit M, Sturm S, Vugrinec S, Rogato A, Kroth PG, Falciatore A, Lavaud J

New Phytologist 214: 205-218

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Proteomic insight into the response of Arabidopsis chloroplasts to darkness.

Wang J, Yu Q, Xiong H, Wang J, Chen S, Yang Z, Dai S

PLoS ONE 11: e0154235

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Microspatial variability in community structure and photophysiology of calcified macroalgal microbiomes revealed by coupling of hyperspectral and high-resolution fluorescence imaging.

Perkins RG, Williamson CJ, Brodie J, Barillé L, Launeau P, Lavaud J, Yallop ML, Jesus B

Scientific Reports 6: 22343

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Multiple impacts of loss of plastidic phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis on photosynthesis during seedling growth of Arabidopsis.

Kobayashi K, Endo K, Wada H

Frontiers in Plant Science 7: 336

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Global transcriptome analyses provide evidence that chloroplast redox state contributes to intracellular as well as long-distance signaling in response to stress and acclimation in Arabidopsis.

Bode R, Ivanov AG, Hüner NPA

Photosynthesis Research 128: 287-312

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HYPERSENSITIVE TO HIGH LIGHT1 interacts with LOW QUANTUM YIELD OF PHOTOSYSTEM II1 and functions in protection of Photosystem II from photodamage in Arabidopsis.

Jin H, Liu B, Luo L, Feng D, Wang P, Liu J, Da Q, He Y, Qi K, Wang J, Wang HB

The Plant Cell 26: 1213‐1229

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Moderate warming increases PS II performance, antioxidant scavenging systems and biomass production in Stylosanthes capitata Vogel.

Martinez CA, Bianconi M, Silva L, Approbato A, Lemos M, Santos L, Curtarelli L, Rodrigues A, Mello T, Manchon F

Environmental and Experimental Botany 102: 58–67

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Cyanobacteria in the Australian northern savannah detect the difference between intermittent dry season and wet season rain.

Wendy WJ, Büdel B, Reichenberger H, Rose N

Biodiversity and Conservation 23: 1827‐1844

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Effects of temperature and irradiance on a benthic microalgal community: A combined two-dimensional oxygen and fluorescence imaging approach

Hancke K, Sorell B, Chresten Lund-Hansen L, Larsen M, Hancke T, Glud RN

Limnology and Oceanography 59: 1599–1611

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Removal of snow cover inhibits spring growth of Arctic ice algae through physiological and behavioral effects

Chresten Lund-Hansen L., Hawes I., Sorrell B.K., Holtegaard Nielsen M.

Polar Biology 37: 471-481

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Functional characteristics of a fruticose type of lichen, Stereocaulon foliolosum Nyl. in response to light and water stress.

Singh R, Ranjan S, Nayaka S, Pathre UV, Shirke PA

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 35: 1605‐1615

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Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging: a new method for rapid detection of herbicide resistance in Alopecurus myosuroides.

Kaiser YI, Menegat A, Gerhards R

Weed Research 53: 399-406

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A thioredoxin‐like/β‐propeller protein maintains the efficiency of light harvesting in Arabidopsis.

Brooks MD, Sylak‐Glassman EJ, Fleming GR, Niyogi KK

Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110: E2733–E2740

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Photobiology of sea ice algae during initial spring growth in Kangerlussuaq, West Greenland: insights from imaging variable chlorophyll fluorescence of ice cores.

Hawes I, Lund-Hansen LC, Sorrell BK, Holtegaard Nielsen M, Borzák R and Buss I

Photosynthesis Research 112: 103-115

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Glycine decarboxylase controls photosynthesis and plant growth.

Timm S, Florian A, Arrivault S, Stitt M, Fernie AF, Bauwe H

FEBS Letters 586: 3692–3697

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Light‐dependent maintenance of hydraulic function in mangrove branches: do xylary chloroplasts play a role in embolism repair?

Schmitz N, Egerton JJG, Lovelock CE, Ball MC

New Phytologist 195: 40–46

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Photosynthetic limitations and volatile and non‐volatile isoprenoids in the poikilochlorophyllous resurrection plant Xerophyta humilis during dehydration and rehydration

Beckett M, Loreto F, Velikova V, Brunetti C, Di Ferdinando M, Tattini M, Calfapietra C, Farrant JM

Plant, Cell & Environment 35: 2061–2074

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Combined effects of elevated CO2 and natural climatic variation on leaf spot diseases of redbud and sweetgum trees.

McElrone AJ, Hamilton JG, Krafnick AJ, Aldea M, Knepp RG, DeLucia EH

Environmental Pollution 158: 108-114

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Mesoscale variation in the photophysiology of the reef building coral Pocillopora damicornis along an environmental gradient.

Cooper TF, Ulstrup KE

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 83: 186-196

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A rapid, non-invasive procedure for quantitative assessment of drought survival using chlorophyll fluorescence.

Woo NS, Badger MR, Pogson BJ

Plant Methods 4: 27

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A fluorescence-based bioassay for aquatic macrophytes and its suitability for effect analysis of non-photosystem II inhibitors.

Küster A, Pohl K, Altenburger R

Environmental Science and Pollution Research 14: 377-383

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Zooxanthellae harvested by ciliates associated with brown band syndrome of corals remain photosynthetically competent.

Ulstrup KE, Kühl M, Bourne DG

Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73: 1968-1975

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Deficiency in phylloquinone (vitamin K1) methylation affects prenyl quinone distribution, photosystem I abundance, and anthocyanin accumulation in the Arabidopsis AtmenG mutant.

Lohmann A, Schöttler MA, Brehelin C, Kessler F, Bock R, Cahoon EB, Dormann P

Journal of Biological Chemistry 281: 40461-40472

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A method for quantitative analysis of spatially variable physiological processes across leaf surfaces.

Aldea M, Frank TD, DeLucia EH

Photosynthesis Research 90: 161-172

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Coral photobiology studied with a new imaging pulse amplitude modulated fluorometer.

Ralph PJ, Schreiber U, Gademann R, Kühl M, Larkum AWD

Journal of Phycology 41: 335-342

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Niche and photosynthesis of Chlorophyll d-containing cyanobacteria.

Kühl M, Chen M, Ralph P, Schreiber U, Larkum AWD

Nature 433: 820

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Spatial heterogeneity of photosynthesis and the effect of temperature-induced bleaching conditions in three species of corals.

Hill R, Schreiber U, Gademann R, Larkum AWD, Kühl M, Ralph PJ

Marine Biology 144: 633-640

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Complex regulation of gene expression, photosynthesis and sugar levels by pathogen infection in tomato.

Berger S, Papadopoulos M, Schreiber U, Kaiser W, Roitsch T

Physiologia Plantarum 122: 419-428

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IMAGING-PAM

Design
Aluminum frame with LED projector, LED array IMAG-MAX/L, camera IMAG-K6/MOD3D, sliding door and darkening blinds mounted. Compact design
Sample position
potted plants (max. diameter 10 cm, height 4-5 cm are held in position vertically on a software-controlled turntable. For the measurement they are rotated four times by 90°, the camera viewing angle is always 0° - vertically from above.
Dimensions
41.5 cm x 24 cm x 50 cm (L x W x H without cables)
Weight
11.32 kg (Including stand, projector, camera, turntable, without cables)
Design
Plastic housing with LED light source (WXGA native resolution and 700 lm luminous intensity. Permanently mounted on IMAG-3D/GS
Focus
manual
Projection
DLP
Power consumption
75W
Weight
510 g
Dimensions
19 cm x 12 cm x 19 cm (L x W x H)
Operating temperature
5 °C - 40 °C
Design
Aluminium body as carrier for 2 different calibration patterns (calibration and fusion). Three different angle positions (needed during calibration process) can be as fixed steps.
Dimension
14 cm x 14 cm x 10 cm (width x depth x height)
Weight
650 g (calibration body without calibration plates)
Minimum PC requirements

Minimum PC requirements: Win10 or 11 OS, Intel Core i5-10xx or higher CPU, NVDIA® graphics board (mandantory, min 2 GB or more dedicated memory), SSD, min 8GB RAM, internal Gigabit Ethernet (GigE), HDMI interface.

The 3D part of the software can only be used under License. Therefore, a USB dongle is necessary (included in the basic instrument).

Design

The LED array is mounted on a printed circuit board in an aluminium housing with a central opening for the IMAG-K6 and IMAG-K7 cameras. A fan on the top side provides the necessary cooling. Cable connections to the IMAG-CG control unit and the external 300 W power supply exit the rear of the housing. The IMAG-MAX/F filter plate is also recommended for measurements on reflective surfaces.

Light sources

Light sources for fluorescence excitation and actinic illumination: 

44 royal-blue 3 W Cree LEDs (450 nm), equipped with individual collimating optics; standard excitation intensity 0.5 µmol m-2 s-1 PAR, modulation frequency 1-8 Hz; maximum actinic intensity 1900 µmol m-2 s-1 PAR; maximum saturation pulse intensity 4000 μmol quanta µmol m-2 s-1 PAR.

Light sources for absorbed PAR and live video options: 

16 red LEDs (660 nm); 16 NIR LEDs (780 nm)

Light Field
Vertical incidence on sample; LED distribution optimized for uniformity; at standard working distance maximal deviation from mean intensity +/- 7 %
Dimensions

17.5 cm x 18.5 cm x 4.5 cm (L x W x H)

Weight

1.3 kg (incl. 1.5 m long cable)

Working Distance

Standard 18.5 cm for 10 cm x 13 cm image area

Input
90 to 264 V AC, 50/60 Hz
Output
43 to 57 V, 5.2 A (adjusted to a voltage depending on the LED array)
Operating temperature
0 to 40 °C
Input
90 to 264 V AC, 50/60 Hz
Dimensions
22.6 cm x 11 cm x 5.8 cm (L x W x H)
Output
43 to 57 V, 5.2 A (adjusted to a voltage depending on the LED array)
Weight
1.75 kg
Dimensions
226 mm x 110 mm x 58 mm (L x W x H)
Design

This mounting set is designed for the IMAG-K7 camera and can be used with the IMAG-MAX/L or IMAGMAX/LR. It consists of a camera holder and a 15 cm long metal rod (15 mm diameter) for mounting the LED array on a vertical stand. A double socket clamp and eye protection are required.

Design

Aluminum frame with two clamps for secure mounting the LED-Array IMAG-MAX/L or IMAG-MAX/LR; red Perspex sliding hood for eye protection (a red version set will be shipped with a blue Perspex hood); removable bottom plate and four 20 cm housing legs are included.

Sample position
Detached leaves, slides or petri dishes resting on x-y stage for variable positioning; special frame for defined positioning of multiwell plates; after removal of bottom part, possibility to jack up whole Mounting Stand for study of plants in pots or trays
Dimensions
23.5 cm x 24.5 cm x 22.5 cm (L x W x H)
Weight
3.1 kg
Design

Modified AxioScope 5 Microscope (Zeiss) adapted for IMAGING PAM applications. Comprises binocular fototube (30°/23 100:0/0:100), condenser 0,9/1,25H and transmitted light unit HAL 50. Detector filter RG665, dichroic mirror 420-640 nm, video adapter 60N-C 2/3" 0,5x and standard lens Fluar 20x are already mounted

Design
Reflector Module with filter set for additional microscope LED lamp modules. Consisting of a beam splitter filter (420- 640 nm) and a detector filter (665 nm), mounted in a Zeiss reflector module frame
Design
Aluminum housing featuring built-in Li-ion battery, sockets for cable connections with CCD Cameras IMAG-K6 or IMAG-K7, connectors for the MAXI, MINI and MICROSCOPY Measuring Heads and Battery Charger 2120-N
Microcontroller
RISC processor
User interface

For Windows 10 and 11 PCs with ImagingWinGigE software versions; connection is via GigE ethernet

Power supply
Internal rechargeable Li-ion battery 14.8 V/5.2 Ah
Power consumption
9 W (500 mA) drawn from internal Li-ion battery
Recharging time
Approx. 4 hours (IMAGING-PAM turned off) via Battery Charger 2120-N
Operating temperature
-5 to +45 °C
Dimensions
25 cm x 10.5 cm x 11 cm (L x W x H)
Weight
2.1 kg (incl. internal battery)
Design

Four tilted LED arrays in a sturdy aluminum housing with a central opening for the IMAG-K7 or IMAG-K9 cameras. In a similar optical geometry, additional red and NIR LEDs are arranged around the central opening to ensure optimum illumination homogeneity. Anti-reflection filters matching the wavelength are already included and fitted.

Light sources

Light sources for fluorescence excitation and actinic illumination: 

12 Luxeon LEDs 460 nm with individual band pass filters and collimator optics; 10 red 650 nm and 10 NIR 780 nm LEDs for measuring PAR-absorptivity; max. actinic intensity 5000 μmol m-2 s-1 ; max. Saturation Pulse intensity, 10.000 μmol m-2 s-1 ; spacer frame at fixed working distance (7 cm); for imaging 24 mm x 32 mm sample area; suitable for use in combination with IMAG-K6 and IMAG-K7 with camera accessories (objectives and mounting set needed)

Dimensions
11.8 cm x 9,4 cm x 8.6 cm (L x W x H)
Weight
552 g (incl. cable)
Design

Black and white C-mount camera operated in 11-bit-mode at 16 frames/sec featuring 2 x 2 pixel binning

CMOS Chip

2/3" readout (1392 x 1040 px primary resolution; 640 x 480 px effective resolution after binning)

Interface

GigE-Vision®

Lens Mount

C-mount

Dimensions

2.9 cm x 2.9 cm x 4.1 cm (L x W x H) (without lens and cooling bodies)

Weight

65 g (camera only)

Design
For parallel imaging of GFP- and Chl-fluorescence of identical sample areas (replaces detector filter set of Camera Accessory K6-MIN). Featuring alternative detector filters for green or red fluorescence (special green filter set 500-575 nm and red filter RG665)
Dimensions
42 x 50 mm
Weight
135 g
Filter Screw Size
M40.5 x 0.5
Mount
C-Mount
Focal Length
12.5 mm
Iris Range
F/1.4 to C
Temperature Range
-20°C to +50°C
Design

Aluminum parts for mounting camera IMAG-K6 on the Imaging MINI-head LED arrays K6-MIN

Weight
166 g
Design
Fine drive tripod adapter for mounting a MINI-Head onto a tripod head with UNC 1/4-20 screw threads, High perfomance rack-and-pinion drive (120 mm traverse path) for adjustment of working distance
Design

Aluminum housing featuring built-in Li-ion battery, sockets for cable connections with the cameras IMAG-K9, connectors for the MAXI or MINI Measuring Heads and trigger cable on one end for better portability and Battery Charger 2120-N

Microcontroller

RISC processor

User interface
Windows tablet PC with ImagingWinGigE software, connection via GigE Ethernet
Power supply
Internal rechargeable Li-ion battery 14.8 V/5.2 Ah
Power consumption
9 W (500 mA) drawn from internal Li-ion battery
Recharging time
Approx. 4 hours (IMAGING-PAM turned off) via Battery Charger 2120-N
Operating temperature
-5 to +45 °C
Dimensions
25 cm x 10.5 cm x 11 cm (L x W x H)
Weight
2.1 kg (incl. battery)
Input
90 to 264 V AC, 47 to 63 Hz
Output
19 V DC, 3.7 A
Operating temperature
0 to 40 °C
Dimensions
15 cm x 6 cm x 3 cm (L x W x H)
Weight
300 g
Design

Light sources for fluorescence excitation and actinic illumination: 

12 Luxeon LEDs 460 nm with individual band pass filters and collimator optics; 10 red 650 nm and 10 NIR 780 nm LEDs for measuring PAR-absorptivity; max. actinic intensity 5000 μmol m-2 s-1 ; max. Saturation Pulse intensity, 10.000 μmol m-2 s-1 ; spacer frame at fixed working distance (7 cm); for imaging 24 mm x 32 mm sample area; suitable for use in combination with IMAG-K6 and IMAG-K7 with camera accessories (objectives and mounting set needed)

Dimensions
11.8 cm x 9.4 cm x 8.6 cm (L x W x H)
Weight
550 g (incl. cable)
Design
Flexibly adjustable and lightweight plastic shoulder mounts and aluminum tray finished in powder-coated anthracite. Tray with holders for the control unit and the tablet computer
Dimensions
Shoulder mounts, 40 cm x 140 cm (W x H). Tray, 37 cm x 37 cm x 63 cm (L x W x H)
Weight
Shoulder mounts, 75 g. Tray, 2.9 kg
Design
Aluminum base frame forming a docking site for the side walls of the box, with central opening for the imaging area, spikes for a firm fit on ground and holes for steel tent pegs (2 pc. per box included, 4 mm x 180 mm (D x L)). The box walls consist of a black deep-drawn plastic piece having the shape of a truncated pyramid. The top of the box forms a plastic slider and it also functions as docking side for the Measuring Head. Inside the box, a Nylon net is mounted 35 mm above ground to keep larger plants in the focal range of the camera
Dimensions
Box walls and slider, 19 cm x 19 cm x 9 cm (L x W x H). Base frame, 19.4 cm x 19.4 cm x 4.5 cm (L x W x H)
Weight
Box walls and slider, 160 g. Base frame, 200 g
Design

Fully rugged tablet computer with sunlight-readable 11.6-inch sunlight-readable touchscreen including spare batteries and external charger. 8 GB RAM, 2.3 GHz processor or better, 10/100/1000 base Ethernet, GPS, Bluetooth (v4.2 class 1). OS Windows 11 64bit, ImagingWin GigE Software installed

Dimensions
314 mm x 207 mm x 24.5 mm (L x W x H)
Weight
1.39 kg
Minimum PC requirements

Intel core i5 or comparable CPU, min 8 GB free RAM, built-in Gigabit Ethernet (GigE), Win11 OS

Features
Data display and evaluation plus instrument settings on 7 different windows:

Adapter IMAG‐MAX/GWK1 for IMAGING-PAM (MAXI-Version) on Gas Exchange Chamber (3010-GWK1)

Design

Adapter Plate with legs and eye protection for positioning IMAG-MAXI Head on 3010-GWK1

Dimensions
18.5 cm x 20 cm 17 cm (L x W x H)
Weight
856 g
Design of sensor

Mini quantum sensor for selective PAR (photosynthetically active radiation) measurement, cosine corrected for PPFD (photosynthetical photon flux density) measurement.

Sensor housing

Black anodized aluminum housing

Diffuser material

Perspex

Signal detection

High stability silicone photovoltaic detector with filter set for PAR correction (to learn more about the typical sensitivity see “General Features”). Signal output typically -2 μA / (1000 μmol m-2 s-1)

Temperature coefficient of photodiode

0.01 %/K

Absolute calibration

± 5 %

Angular dependence

error < 4 % between angles from -80° to +80° from normal axis

Immersion coefficient

Typically 1.32

Operating temperature

- 5 °C … + 45 °C

Cable length

3 m

Connector

BNC

Power supply

Not required

Size

Height: 16 mm
Diameter: 14 mm
Diffuser diameter: 5.5 mm

Weight

32 g

Product
Mini-PC with NUC 11 Pro Board NUC11TNBv5
Operating System
Win 10 Pro
CPU
Intel core i5 1135G7 (vPro with TPM 2.0)
RAM
8 GB
Connectivity
Intel® i225-LM 2500 Mbps RJ45 Ethernet; 2x Thunderbolt (DP 1.4a and USB 4), Wi-Fi 6
Power supply

120 W AC adapter

Storage
512 GB NVMe PCIe M.2 SSD
Dimensions
117 mm x 112 mm x 54 mm (L x W x H)
Weight
652 g (including mounting angle)
Temperature Range
0 – 40°C (non-condensing)
Design
Aluminum frame with potholder tray inserts, taking up 7 cm round flowerpots or 7 cm injection molded pots. Mounted on the rear wall of the housing
Working Distance
20 cm below normal bottom plate (can stay in place when bottom plate is used)
Weight
960 g (without the potholder tray inserts)
Dimensions
46 cm x 40 cm x 10 cm (L x W x H)
Operating System

PC-software ImagingWinGigE for Win 11

Data Output Format

xpim, csv, jpg, tif (raw image format is b/w in 11-bit color depth, 1200 x 1000)

Availability
License-free download from Walz homepage, regularly updated
Minimum PC requirements

Intel core i5 or comparable CPU, min 8 GB free RAM, built-in Gigabit Ethernet (GigE), Win11 OS

Features

Data display and evaluation plus instrument settings on 7 different windows

Design
Closed housing, aluminum frame
Working Distance
20 cm
Light sources

Blue Excitation Light Source: 451 nm dominant wavelength (ML, AL and SP) 6 x 13 Cree high power LEDs

Far Red light Source: 730 nm peak wavelength

Light Field
Vertical incidence on sample; LED distribution optimized for uniformity; at standard working distance maximal deviation from mean intensity +/- 7 %; modulation frequency 1-8 Hz; max. actinic intensity 2100 μmol quanta m-2 s-1 PAR; maximum saturation pulse intensity 4100 μmol quanta m-2 s-1 PAR
Temperature Range

0 – 50°C

Design
Black and white c-mount camera operated in 11-bit-mode at 16 frames/sec
CMOS Chip
Sony IMX264 CMOS 3/4" featuring 2x2 pixel binning (1200 x 1000 px final resolution)
Interface
GigE-Vision®
Lens Mount

C-mount

Dimensions
8,64 cm x 4,4 cm x 2,9 cm (L x W x H) (without lens)
Weight
< 200g camera only
Temperature Range
0 – 50°C (non-condensing)
Design
F1.4/8 mm 2 MP prime lens (Ricoh), as bundle together with spacer ring and appropriate PS II filter set
Dimensions
42.0 mm x 36.7 mm
Lens Mount

C-mount

Filter Screw Size
40.5 mm
Iris Range
1.4 - 16
Weight
76 g (lens only)
Temperature Range
-20 – 50°C (non-condensing)
Design

Aluminum box with individual foam lining for IMAGING-PAMs and accessories

Dimensions

60 cm x 40 cm x 35 cm (L x W x H)

Weight

5 kg

Design

Aluminum box with individual foam lining for IMAGING-PAMs and accessories

Dimensions

60 cm x 40 cm x 35 cm (L x W x H)

Weight

5 kg

Design

 Aluminum box with individual foam lining for IMAGING-PAMs and accessories

Dimensions

 60 cm x 40 cm x 35 cm (L x W x H)

Weight

5 kg

Design

Box1: Sturdy cardboard box with individual foam lining for IMAGING-3D and accessories

Box 2: Aluminum box with individual foam lining for IMAGING-PAM accessories

Dimensions

Box 1: 70 cm x 55 cm x 45 cm (L x W x H)

Box 2: 60 cm x 40 cm x 35 cm (L x W x H)

Weight

Box 1: 7 kg

Box 2: 5 kg

Design

Aluminum box with individual foam lining for HEXAGON-IMAGING-PAM and accessories

Dimensions

 62 cm x 62 cm x 62 cm (L x W x H)

Weight

6 kg

Product
Microprocessor controlled switching power supply with ripple 20 mVpp
Input
90 to 264 V AC, 50/60 Hz
Output Watt
640 W
Output Current
(max.): 20 A
Output Voltage
(max.): 80 V/DC (locked at 48 V)
Dimensions
395 mm x 92 mm x 240 mm (L x W x H)
Weight
7 kg
Temperature Range
0 – 50°C (non-condensing)
Design

Box 1: Aluminum box with individual foam lining for IMAGING-PAM MICROSCOPY version accessories

Box 2: Sturdy cardboard box with individual foam lining for Zeiss Axioscope 5 and accessories

Dimensions

Box 1: 60 cm x 40 cm x 35 cm (L x W x H)

Box 2: 68 cm x 62 cm x 64 cm (L x W x H)

Weight

Box 1: 5 kg

Box 2: 5 kg

Accessories

Design
Microscope LED Lamp Module 470 nm (blue) for fluorescence excitation of Chl fluorescence of most algae groups. Emission peak at 470 nm. Shipped together with a set of neutral grey filters for using the system together with higher magnifications.
Design
Microscope LED Lamp Module 625 nm (red-orange) for fluorescence excitation of Chl fluorescence of most algae groups including cyanobacteria. Emission peak at 625 nm. Shipped together with a set of neutral grey filters for using the system together with higher magnifications.
Design

This open leaf holder is used to fix sample leaves at a defined working distance of 18.5 cm, perpendicular to the optical axis - for mounting LED-Array Illumination Unit IMAG-MAX/L or IMAG-MAX/LR. It should only be used when additional eye protection is assured.

Sample position
Detached leaves, slides or petri dishes resting on x-y stage for variable positioning; fix working distance 18.5 cm in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis.
Dimensions
18.8 cm x 17.8 cm x 20.4 cm (L x W x H)
Weight
455 g
Design

44 individual blue filters in black-anodized aluminum plate to be mounted in front of collimating optics of IMAG-MAX/L (not compatible with IMAG-MAX/LR). Recommended for the work with reflecting/wet surfaces. Not compatible with the red LED array illumination unit IMAG-MAX/LR.

Filter properties
1 mm blue-green glass filters (BG 39, Schott) blocking red transmission and passing 90 % of blue light
Dimensions
186 mm x 176 mm x 2.5 mm (L x W x H)
Weight
180 g
Design

The LED array is mounted on a printed circuit board in an aluminium housing with a central opening for the IMAG-K6 and IMAG-K7 cameras. A fan on the top side provides the necessary cooling. Cable connections to the IMAG-CG control unit and the external 300 W power supply exit the rear of the housing. An appropriate filter plate is included; not compatible with filter plate IMAG-MAX/F 

Light sources

Light sources for fluorescence excitation and actinic illumination: 

44 red 3 W Luxeon LEDs (650 nm) equipped with individual collimating optics; standard excitation intensity 0.5 µmol m-2 s-1 PAR, modulation frequency 1-8 Hz; max. actinic intensity 1300 µmol m-2 s-1 PAR; max. saturation pulse intensity 3700 μmol µmol m-2 s-1 PAR.

Light sources for absorbed PAR and live video options: 

16 red LEDs (660 nm); 16 NIR LEDs (780 nm)

Working Distance

Standard 18.5 cm for 10 cm x 13 cm image area

Light Field
Vertical incidence on sample; LED distribution optimized for uniformity; at standard working distance maximal deviation from mean intensity +/- 7 %
Dimensions

17.5 cm x 18.5 cm x 4.5 cm (L x W x H)

Weight

1.3 kg (incl. 1.5 m long cable)

Design
Leaf clip mountable on sample frame of all
MINI-Heads; MINI-Head holding grip
Weight
184 g
Design

Four tilted LED arrays in a sturdy aluminum housing with a central opening for the IMAG-K6 camera. In a similar optical geometry, additional red and NIR LEDs are arranged around the central opening to ensure optimum illumination homogeneity. For GFP or PS II measurement the additional filter set K6-MIN/FS is necessary

Light sources

12 Luxeon LEDs 480 nm with individual band pass filters and collimator optics for best combined excitation of GFP and PS II; 10 red 650 nm and 10 NIR 780 nm LEDs for measuring PAR-absorptivity; spacer frame at fixed working distance (7 cm); for imaging 24 mm x 32 mm sample area; suitable for use in combination with IMAG-K6 and IMAG-K7 with camera accessories (objectives and mounting set needed). Filter slider IMAG-MIN/FS necessary for GFP detection. Compatible with IMAG-K6 camera

Dimensions
11.8 cm x 9,4 cm x 8.6 cm (L x W x H)
Weight
552 g (incl. cable)

Adapter IMAG‐MIN/GFS for IMAGING-PAM (MINI-Version) on Gas Exchange Standard Measuring Head (3010-S)

Design
Adapter plate with snap-on-mount for connecting IMAG-Mini Head to Standard Measuring Head 3010-S; 9.5 cm x 6 cm x 1.4 cm ( L x W x H)
Weight
30 g
Design

Four tilted LED Arrays in a sturdy aluminum housing with a central opening for the IMAG-K7 or IMAG-K9 cameras. In a similar optical geometry, additional red and NIR LEDs are arranged around the central opening to ensure optimum illumination homogeneity. Anti-reflection filters matching the wavelength are already included and fitted.

Light sources

Light sources for fluorescence excitation and actinic illumination: 

12 Luxeon LEDs 620 nm with individual short pass filters and collimator optics; 10 red 650 nm and 10 NIR 780 nm LEDs for measuring PAR-absorptivity; max. actinic intensity 2800 μmol m-2 s-1 ; max. Saturation Pulse intensity, 7700 μmol m-2 s-1 ; spacer frame at fixed working distance (7 cm); for imaging 24 mm x 32 mm sample area; suitable for use in combination with IMAG-K6 and IMAG-K7 with camera accessories (objectives and mounting set needed).

Dimensions
11.8 cm x 9,4 cm x 8.6 cm (L x W x H)
Weight
552 g (incl. cable)
Design

Red-Green-Blue Microscopy LED Lamp allowing computer-assisted deconvolution of major algae groups. Fluorescence excitation and actinic illumination using red (620 nm), green (520 nm), blue (460 nm) or white light (mixed 620, 520 and 460 nm); featuring fluid light guide (100 cm length, 3 mm active dia.), connecting to collimator optics at excitation port of epifluorescence microscope; with cable to be connected to RGB output socket at IMAG-CG; featuring printed circuit board with separate drivers for RGB LEDs;

Design

F1.4/f=16 mm lens with detector filter (RG645, 3 mm) and short-pass interference filter

Lens Mount

C-Mount

Dimensions

42 x 50 mm

Weight

155 g (lens only)

Design

F1.8/f=12.5–75.0 mm with detector filter (RG645, 3 mm) and short-pass interference filter

Dimensions

51 x 90 mm

Lens Mount

C-Mount

Weight

320 g (lens only)

Design

F1.4/f=25 mm with detector filter (RG645, 3 mm) and short-pass interference filter

Dimensions

34 x 54 mm

Mount

C-Mount

Weight

100 g (lens only)

Dimensions

Base plate, 40 cm x 30 cm

Height

73.5 cm, diameter 1.5 cm

Weight

2.8 kg

Design

Light grey plastic housing with connectors, membrane keyboard and a white illuminated LCD graphic display

Dimensions

12 x 7.5 x 3.5 cm

Weight

210 g (including 4 AAA 1.5 V batteries)

Power supply

4 AAA-type batteries or 5 V DC from USB voltage source when connected to the computer

Working conditions

up to 85 % rH (avoid condensation), - 20° to + 50°C ambient temperature

Time resolution

PAR channel #1: 100 samples / second, PAR channel #2 and other channels: 5 samples / second (connected to computer running WinControl-3 software)

Operation time

10 days or ca. 100 days automated logging with sleep mode (1 meas. / 5 min). Unlimited working time via USB connection (PC-software WinControl-3 – no sleep mode)

Inputs
  • Two BNC-connectors for the connection of two PAR-sensors with individual calibration factors between -50.0 and -9999.9 (memory for 10 calibration factors), range switchable in 5 steps 250 nA to 0.6 mA
  • Connector for Monitoring Leaf-Clip JUNIOR-B; an adapter is available for the connection of the Leaf-Clip Holder 2030-B, and the Micro Quantum/Temp.-Sensor 2060-M
  • Connector for additional digital sensors (still under development)
  • USB-Connector for connection with computer (software: WinControl-3)
Memory

Flash memory used as ring buffer for 50000 lines (1 line / single measurement)

Display

White illuminated graphic display with 5 different display modes (1: all data; 2-4: two selected sensors in big letters; 5: chart mode for channel no. 1, with maximum, minimum and average indicated), resolution: 0.1 μmol m-2 s-1

Computer Connection

1 free USB socket. Processor, 1 GHz. RAM, 256 MB. Hard disc space, 20 MB. Screen resolution: 800 x 600 pixels. Interface, USB 1.1, 2.0 and 3.0. Operating system: Microsoft Windows 10 and 11.

Design of sensor

Small versatile waterproof mini quantum sensor for selective PAR measurement, cosine corrected for light incident at an angle between -30 ° to +30 ° from surface normal for PPFD (photosynthetical photon flux density) measurement, with base plate for screw connection.

Sensor housing

Black resin material

Diffuser material

Perspex

Signal detection

High stability silicone photovoltaic detector with filter set for PAR correction (see “General Features” for typical response)

Signal output
Typically 10 μA / (1000 μmol m-2 s-1)
Temperature coefficient of photodiode

0.01 %/K

Absolute calibration
± 10 %
Immersion coefficient
Typically 1.15
Angular dependence
Error < 3 % for angle between -30 ° and +30 ° from normal axis (see chart for typical response)
Design of sensor
Microscopy quantum sensor for PPFD (photosynthetical photon flux density) measurement.
Operating temperature
- 5 °C … + 45 °C
Cable length
3 m
Connector

BNC

Size

Base plate: 12 mm x 7 mm x 1 mm (H x W x L)
Sensor housing 5 mm x 7.5 mm x 7 mm (H x W x L)
Diffuser diameter: 3 mm

Weight

26 g

Design of sensor

Microscopy quantum sensor for PPFD (photosynthetical photon flux density) measurement.

Sensor housing

Black anodized aluminum housing

Diffuser material

Resin with fluorescence dye

Signal detection

High stability silicon photovoltaic. Signal output typically 1.5 μA / (1000 μmol m-2 s-1)

Temperature coefficient of photodiode

0.01 %/K

Absolute calibration

± 5 %

Operating temperature

0 °C … + 40 °C

Cable length

55 cm

Connector

BNC

Power supply

Not required

Size

Height: 5.5 mm
Length: 76 mm
Width: 26 mm
Diffuser diameter: 0.2 mm

Weight
36 g
Design

Stable tripod for mounting the Standard Measuring Head 3010-S, the tripod fits into the GFS-3000 transport box

Working height

54 cm – 130 cm

Dimensions

55 cm x 12 cm x 8 cm (L x W x H)

Weight

1050 g

Design

This mounting set is designed for the IMAG-K9 camera and is compatible with the IMAG-MAX/L and IMAGMAX/LR LED arrays. It is made of black anodized aluminum.

The set includes a camera holder and a 15-centimeter-long, 15-millimeter-diameter metal rod for mounting the LED array on a vertical stand. Use a double socket clamp and eye protection. 

Weight

200 g

Chlorophyll Fluorescence and PAM Fluorometry

Chlorophyll fluorescence is a very sensitive indicator of photosynthesis. Quantitative information on the quantum yield of photosynthetic energy conversion is obtained by PAM fluorometry and the saturation pulse method (Schreiber U (2004) Pulse-Amplitude-Modulation (PAM) Fluorometry and Saturation Pulse Method: An Overview, pp. 279-319. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands).

A wide range of photosynthetic parameters can be derived from fluorescence measurements, giving insight into the physiological state of all photosynthetically active organisms, including higher plants, mosses and ferns as well as various types of algae, phytoplankton and biofilms.

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging

With the advance of highly sensitive CCD cameras and extremely powerful light-emitting diodes (LEDs), the development of IMAGING-PAM fluorometers has become possible systems that not only record images of chlorophyll fluorescence but are also fully capable of delivering all relevant chlorophyll fluorescence parameters using the saturation pulse method. This enables researchers to obtain detailed images of photosynthetic activity and to track its spatio-temporal variations with high precision. The newest addition to this technology platform, the HEXAGON-IMAGING system, is equipped with far-red (FR) LEDs that open up advanced experimental capabilities, including state-shift experiments and accurate Fo′ determinations.

All IMAGING-PAM fluorometers provide images for 17 different parameters. The fluorescence parameter Ft is monitored continuously, while Fo and Fm are determined after dark adaptation and serve as key references for fluorescence quenching analysis using the saturation pulse method. In addition to Fv/Fm, the maximum quantum yield of PS II after dark acclimation, the systems also deliver images of the effective PS II quantum yield during illumination (Y(II)), the quantum yields of regulated and non-regulated energy dissipation (Y(NPQ) and Y(NO)), as well as the apparent electron transport rate (ETR and PS).

A dedicated routine for measuring a PAR-absorptivity image is available for both the MAXI and MINI versions of the IMAGING-PAM. This “Abs.-image,” based on NIR and red-light remission, allows for direct calculation of the apparent rate of photosynthesis for each pixel—eliminating the need to rely on the commonly used universal PAR-absorptivity mean value of 0.84 (ETR). In addition, the parameter PS/50 is displayed to visualize apparent photosynthesis using the same intuitive false-color coding employed for all other photosynthesis parameters.

ImagingWin Software

General Features and Graphical User Interface

The IMAGING-PAM M-Series GigE instruments are fully controlled by the ImagingWinGigE software. When started, the ImagingWinGigE software opens with the image window that occupies most of the user surface showing the Ft value as starting parameter.

Values are represented in a false color scale ranging from black (0.0) to white (1.0) with red, orange yellow, blue and violet to purple in between. At first a standard AOI (area of interest) is already present after the start of the software. Different shapes and up to 100 AOIs can be defined. AOIs` positions can be moved by the new Edit function.

The customer can chose between 18 different parameters (Ft, Fo, Fm, F, Fm’, Fv/Fm, Y(II), Y(NPQ), Y(NO), PS/50, Abs, Red, NIR, NPQ/4, qN, qP, qL, Inh.) that could be displayed in the image window in different color modes. In this tab the alteration of the parameters can be observed in real-time during the experiment.

The kinetics window shows various parameter values for some or all AOIs of the currently chosen experiment plotted versus time. It serves for the evaluation of dynamic dark / light phenomena (Kautsky curve or Induction curve).

Some of the possible experiments are already preset in this and the following light curve window so that also the beginner finds an easy starting point for his first experiments. For advanced users it is also possible to program script files with more complex structure.

Easy light calibration using the ULM-500 Light Meter & Logger. ImagingWinGigE in communication with the ULM-500 provides an automated light calibration routine to generate a calibrated internal light list and furthermore offers to follow an external illumination.

Some new features can be provided solely for the ImagingWinGigE software, not for the ImagingWin software suitable for FireWire camera versions of the IMAGING-PAM M-Series.