WATER-PAM-II

Version:

Product

Chlorophyll Fluorometer for Phytoplankton

Cuvette Version - WATER-PAM-II

The WATER-PAM-II is the instrument of choice for phytoplankton analysis. It can be used for laboratory cultures as well as natural water samples when very low chlorophyll contents of samples require ultra-sensitive fluorescence detection. The WATER-PAM-II Cuvette version measures chlorophyll fluorescence directly in cuvettes or a flow-through cuvette via an integrated optical unit. Switchable blue and red excitation ensures optimal signal quality across all phytoplankton species - from green algae and diatoms to cyanobacteria. The compact cuvette design allows rapid sample changes for high-throughput screening in the field or laboratory.

With the WATER-PAM-II a detailed analysis can be made of the photosynthetic activity of phytoplankton samples, including quenching parameters. It can be used as a stand-alone instrument or connected to an external computer running WinControl-3 software. In addition to simple single measurements, analysis protocols such as induction curves and light curves can be performed with easy-to-use program routines.

A new feature of WATER-PAM-II instruments is the differential analysis of algal content, providing a tool to determine the composition of algae populations with respect to three algae groups (green algae, cyanobacteria and brown algae), based on differences in the F-spectrum of these algal groups. A deconvoluted/differential analysis of photosynthetic activity of mixed algal samples is provided by PHYTO-PAM-II instruments.

Compact and field-ready

  • Integrated sun-readable touchscreen enabling easy operation and providing numerical and graphical display of the measurements
  • Practical power supply: common, easily replaceable AA batteries (rechargeable)
  • Energy-efficient LED light sources and storage capacity of 27,000 data sets for long-term field experiments
  • Highly sensitive photomultiplier detector with automatic overexposure protection for safe use in sunny environments
  • Extensive set of accessories included: several cuvettes, a cuvette stand, and the US-SQS/L Light Sensor for precise light calibration

Scientific Publications using Walz Devices

Source: Google Scholar.
Keywords: (Walz OR Waltz) Effeltrich.
Date: June 22, 2026.

Ʃ = 19642

Per Year

Source: Google Scholar.
Keywords: (Walz OR Waltz) Effeltrich.
Date: June 22, 2026.

Ʃ = 19642

Year

Selected Publications

When a chaotropic agent turns into a nutrient - deciphering the assimilation of guanidine and its utilization to drive synthetic processes in cyanobacteria 

Itzenhäuser MA, Enkerlin AM, Dewald JA, Stauder R, Halpick H, Schaale R, Baumann LM, Selim KA, Weinberg CE, Klähn S

The toxigenic red-tide-forming dinoflagellates Alexandrium leei and Alexandrium catenella differ in terms of the sensitivity to strong light and low temperature of their photosynthetic machinery.

Suka A, Shikata T, Yuasa K, Tomaru Y, Napaumpaiporn P, Tanaka R, Nishiyama Y

Algal Research 79: 103495

Go to publication

Nanoplastics increase the adverse impacts of lead on the growth, morphological structure and photosynthesis of marine microalga Platymonas helgolandica.

Liu M, Song X, Liu C, Cui X, Sun W, Li Z, Wang J

Marine Environmental Research 193: 106259

Go to publication

Towards a circular economy – Repurposing side streams from the potato processing industry by Chlorella vulgaris.

Kriechbaum R, Kronlachner L, Limbeck A, Kopp J, Spadiut O

Journal of Environmental Management 366: 121796

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Bioconversion of furanic compounds by Chlorella vulgaris – Unveiling biotechnological potentials.

Kriechbaum R, Spadiut O, Kopp J

Microorganisms 12: 1222

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The role of cis-zeatin in enhancing high temperature resistance and fucoxanthin biosynthesis in Phaeodactylum tricornutum.

Fan S, Li Y, Wang Q, Jin M, Yu M, Zhao H, Zhou C, Xu J, Li B, Li X

Applied and Environmental Microbiology 90: e02068-23

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The photo-protective role of vitamin D in de microalga Emiliania huxleyi.

Eliason O, Malitsky S, Panizel I, Feldmesser E, Porat Z, Sperfeld M, Segev E

iScience 27: 109884

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Recovery mechanism of a microalgal species, Chlorella sp. from toxicity of doxylamine: physiological and biochemical changes, and transcriptomics.

Chen Z, Xiong J-Q

Journal of Hazardous Materials 474: 134752

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Expeditionary studies in the Baltic Sea on Cruise 54 of the R/V Akademik Sergey Vavilov.

Dorokhov DV, Sivkov VV, Mosharov SA, Semenov PB, Ezhova EE, Kondrashov AA, Bubnova ES, Ponomarenko EP, Gerb MA

Oceanology 63: 928-930

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The role of vitamin D in Emiliana huxleyi: a microalgal perspective.

Eliason O, Malitsky S, Panizel I, Feldmesser E, Sperfeld M, Segev E

Current assessment of water quality and biota characteristics of the pelagic ecosystem of the Atlantic sector of Antarctica: the multidisciplinary studies by the institute of biology of the southern seas.

Mirzoeva N, Polyakova T, Samyshev E, Churilova T, Mukhanov V, Melnik A, Proskurnin V, Sakhon E, Skorokhod E, Chuzhikova-Proskurnina O, Chudinovskih E, Minkina N, Moiseeva N, Melnikov V, Paraskiv A, Melnik L, Efimova T

Water 14: 4103

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Effects of atrazine and its two major derivatives on the photosynthetic physiology and carbon sequestration potential of a marine diatom.

Yang L, Zhang Y

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 205: 111359

Go to publication

Annual patterns in phytoplankton phenology in Antarctic coastal waters explained by environmental drivers.

van Leeuwe MA, Webb AL, Venables HJ, Visser RJW, Meredith MP, Elzenga JTM, Stefels J

Limnology and Oceanography 65: 1651-1668

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Environmental and seasonal dynamics altering the primary productivity in Bing-Nada (Bingo Sound) of the Seto Inland Sea, Japan.

Ohara S, Yano R, Hagiwara E, Yoneyama H, Koike K

Plankton Benthos Research 15: 78-96

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Niche-based assembly of bacterial consortia on the diatom Thalassiosira rotula is stable and reproducible.

Mönnich J, Tebben J, Bergemann J, Case R, Wohlrab S, Harder T

The ISME Journal 14: 1614-1625

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Photosynthetic adaptation to light availability shapes the ecological success of bloom-forming cyanobacterium Pseudanabaena to iron limitation.

Li Z-K, Dai G-Z, Zhang Y, Xu K, Bretherton L, Finkel ZV, Irwin AJ, Juneau P, Qiu B-S

Journal of Phycology 6: 1457-1467

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On the role and production of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp.

Koch M, Berendzen KW, Forchhammer K

Phytoplankton community response to changes in light: can glacial rock flour be used to control cyanobacterial blooms?

Gaskill JA, Harris TD, North RL

Frontiers in Environmental Science 8: 540607

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Contrasting nonphotochemical quenching patterns under high light and darkness aligns with light niche occupancy in Arctic diatoms.

Croteau D, Guérin S, Bruyant F, Ferland J, Campbell DA, Babin M, Lavaud J

Limnology and Oceanography 66: S231-S245

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Evaluation of the use of eucalyptus to control algae bloom and improve water quality.

Zhao W, Zheng Z, Zhang JL, Saint-Fort R, Luo XZ

Science of the Total Environment 667: 412-418

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Dark metabolism: a molecular insight into how the Antarctic sea-ice diatom Fragilariopsis cylindricus survives long-term darkness.

Kennedy F, Martin A, Bowman JP, Wilson R, McMinn A

New Phytologist 223: 675-691

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Responses of phytoplankton assemblages to iron availability and mixing water masses during the spring bloom in the Oyashio region, NW Pacific.

Isada T, Hattori-Saito A, Saito H, Kondo Y, Nishioka J, Kuma K, Hattori H, McKay RML, Suzuki K

Limnology and Oceanography 64: 197-216

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A shifting balance: responses of mixotrophic marine algae to cooling and warming under UVR.

Cabrerizo MJ, González-Olalla JM, Hinojosa-López VJ, Peralta-Cornejo FJ, Carillo P

New Phytologist 221: 1317-1327

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A fluorescence ratio-based method to determine microalgal viability and its application to rapid optimization of cryopreservation.

Zheng L, Lu Z, Zhang Q, Li T, Song L

Cryobiology 81: 27-33

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Combined effects of ocean acidification and nutrient levels on the photosynthetic performance of Thalassiosira (Conticribra) weissflogii (Bacillariophyta).

Yang Y, Li W, Li Z, Xu J

Phycologia 57: 121-129

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Evaluation of the condition of respiration and photosynthesis by measuring chlorophyll fluorescence in cyanobacteria.

Ogawa T, Sonoike K

Bio-protocol 8: 2834

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Annual phytoplankton primary production estimation in a temperate estuary by coupling PAM and carbon incorporation methods.

Morelle J, Schapira M, Orvain F, Riou P, Lopez PJ, Pierre-Duplessix O, Rabiller E, Maheux F, Simon B, Claquin P

Journal of Sea Research 128: 25-31

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Nationwide screening of surface water toxicity to algae.

De Baat ML, Bas DA, van Beusekom SAM, Droge STJ, van der Meer F, de Vries M, Verdonschot PFM, Kraak MHS

Science of the Total Environment 645: 780-787

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A shipboard comparison of analytic methods for ballast water compliance monitoring.

Bradie J, Broeg K, Gianoli C, He J, Heitmüller S, Lo Curto A, Nakata A, Rolke M, Schillak L, Stehouwer P, vanden Byllaardt J, Veldhuis M, Welschmeyer N, Younan L, Zaake A, Bailey S

Journal of Sea Research 133: 11-19

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Effects of selenite on green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis: Bioaccumulation of selenium and enhancement of astaxanthin production.

Zheng Y, Li Z, Tao M, Li J, Hu Z

Aquatic Toxicology 183: 21-27

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Optimal approaches for inline sampling of organisms in ballast water: L-shaped vs. Straight sample probes.

Wier TP, Moser CS, Grant JF, Riley SC, Robbins-Wamsley SH, First MR, Drake LA

Journal of Sea Research 128: 25-31

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Euglena gracilis as a promising eukaryotic model system for fast detection of high pressure induced cell destruction.

Stoltze J, Izydor M, Hainthaler M, Richter P, Schlücker E, Lebert M

Environmental and Experimental Botany 133: 50-57

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Implications of rising temperatures for gametophyte performance of two kelp species from Arctic waters.

Park J, Kim JK, Kong J-A, Depuydt S, Brown MT, Han T

Botanica Marina 60, 39-48

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: Application of a pulse-amplitude-modulation (PAM) fluorometer reveals its usefulness and robustness in the prediction of Karenia mikimotoi blooms: a case study in Sasebo Bay, Nagasaki, Japan.

Higo S, Thaw M-S-H, Yamatogi T, Ishida N, Hirae S, Koike K

Harmful Algae 61: 63-70

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Growth phase significantly decreases the DHA-to-EPA ratio in marine microalgae.

Boelen P, van Mastrigt A, van de Bovenkamp HH, Heeres HJ, Buma AGJ

Aquaculture International 25: 577-587

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Toxic effects of 1,4-dichlorobenzene on photosynthesis in Chlorella pyrenoidosa.

Zhang J, Wang J, Feng J, Lv J, Cai J, Liu Q, Xie S

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 188: 526

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Different physiological and photosynthetic responses of three cyanobacterial strains to light and zinc.

Xu K, Juneau P

Aquatic Toxicology 170: 251-258

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Delayed fluorescence, steady state fluorescence, photosystem II quantum yield as endpoints for toxicity evaluation of Cu2+ and Ag+.

Strauch SM, Richter PR, Haag FWM, Krüger M, Krüger J, Azizullah A, Breiter R, Lebert M

Environmental and Experimental Botany 130: 174-180

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Characterization of H2 photoproduction by marine green alga Tetraselmis subcordiformis integrated with an alkaline fuel cell.

Guo Z, Li Y, Guo H

Biotechnology Letters 38: 435-440

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Effect of elevated CO2 concentration on microalgal communities in Antarctic pack ice.

Coad T, McMinn A, Nomura D, Martin A

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography: 131: 160-169

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Sample port design for ballast water sampling: Refinement of guidance regarding the isokinetic diameter.

Wier TP, Moser CS, Grant JF, First MR, Riley SC, Robbins-Wamsley SH, Drake LA

Marine Pollution Bulletin 98: 148-155

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The initiation of nocturnal dormancy in Synechococcus as an active process.

Takano S, Tomita J, Sonoike K, Iwasaki H

BMC Biology 13: 36

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Aspects of resilience of polar sea ice algae to changes in their environment.

Rajanahally MA, Lester PJ, Convey P

Hydrobiologia 761: 261-275

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Quantifying indicatively living phytoplankton cells in ballast water samples - recommendations for Port State Control.

Gollasch S, David M, Francé J, Mozetič P

Marine Pollution Bulletin 101: 768-775

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Interactive effect of UVR and phosphorus on the coastal phytoplankton community of the western Mediterranean Sea: unravelling eco-physiological mechanisms.

Carrillo P, Medina-Sánchez JM, Herrera G, Durán C, Segovia M, Cortés D, Salles S, Korbee N, Figueroa FL, Mercado JM

PloS One 10: e0142987

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Identification of carbohydrates as the major carbon sink of the marine microalga Isochrysis zhangjiangensis (Haptophyta) and optimization of its productivity by nitrogen manipulation.

Wang H-T, Yao C-H, Ai J-N, Cao X-P, Xue S, Wang W-l

Bioresource Technology 171: 298-304

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Photoprotection by foliar anthocyanins mitigates effects of boron toxicity in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum).

Landi M, Guidi L, Pardossi A, Tattini M, Gould KS

Planta 240: 941-953

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Effects of substrate differences on water availability for Arctic lichens during the snow-free summers in the High Arctic glacier foreland.

Inoue T, Kudoh S, Uchida M, Tanabe Y, Inoue M, Kanda H

Polar Science 8: 397-412

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Unimodal size scaling of phytoplankton growth and the size dependence of nutrient uptake and use.

Marañón E, Cermeño P, López-Sandoval DC, Rodríguez-Ramos T, Sobrino C, Huete-Ortega M, Blanco JM, Rodríguez J

Ecology Letters 16: 371-379

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Sensitivity evaluation of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to uranium by pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry.

Herlory O, Bonzom J-M, Gilbin R

Aquatic Toxicology, 140–141: 288-294

Go to publication

Photosystem II photochemistry and phycobiliprotein of the red algae Kappaphycus alvarezii and their implications for light adaptation.

Guan X, Wang J, Zhu J, Yao C, Liu J, Qin S, Jiang P

BioMed Research International 2013: 256549

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Response to variable light intensity in photoacclimated algae and cyanobacteria exposed to atrazine.

Deblois CP, Dufresne K, Juneau P

Aquatic Toxicology 126: 77-84

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Photoacclimation of cultured strains of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa to high-light and low-light conditions.

Bañares-España E, Kromkamp JC, López-Rodas V, Costas E, Flores-Moya A

FEMS Microbiology Ecology 83: 700-710

Go to publication

The effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on Antarctic sea-ice algae.

Ryan KG, McMinn A, Hegseth EN, Davy SK

Journal of Phycology 48: 74-84

Go to publication

Multi-parametric relationships between PAM measurements and carbon incorporation, an in situ approach.

Napoléon C, Claquin P

PLoS One 7: e40284

Go to publication

Different responses of photosynthesis and flow cytometric signals to iron limitation and nitrogen source in coastal and oceanic Synechococcus strains. (Cyanophyceae).

Liu S-W, Qiu B-S

Marine Biology 159: 519-532

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Effects of iron on the growth and minimal fluorescence yield of three marine Synechococcus strains (Cyanophyceae).

Liu S, Juneau P, Qiu B

Phycological Research 60: 61-69

Go to publication

Effects of ultraviolet radiation and nutrients on the structure–function of phytoplankton in a high mountain lake.

Korbee N, Carrillo P, Mata MT, Rosillo S, Medina-Sánchez JM, Figueroa FL

Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 11: 1087-1098

Go to publication

Ciliates as engineers of phototrophic biofilms.

Weerman EJ, Van Der Geest HG, Van Der Meulen MD, Manders EMM, Van De Koppel J, Herman PM, Admiral W

Freshwater Biology 56: 1358-1369

Go to publication

he effects of temperature on the photosynthetic parameters and recovery of two temperate benthic microalgae, Amphora cf. coffeaeformis and Cocconeis cf. sublittoralis (Bacillariophyceae).

Salleh S, McMinn A

Journal of Phycology, 47: 1413-1424

Go to publication

Evidence for phenotypic plasticity in the Antarctic extremophile Chlamydomonas raudensis Ettl. UWO 241.

Pocock T, Vetterli A, Falk S

Journal of Experimental Botany 62: 1169-1177

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Diel variation of chlorophyll-a fluorescence, phytoplankton pigments and productivity in the Sub-Antarctic and Polar Front Zones south of Tasmania, Australia.

Doblin MA, Petrou KL, Shelly K, Westwood K, van den Enden R, Wright S, Griffiths B, Ralph PJ

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 58: 21-22, 2189-2199

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Simulated microgravity alters growth and microcystin production in Microcystis aeruginosa (cyanophyta)

Xiao Y, Liu Y, Wang G, Hao Z, An Y

Toxicon 56: 1-7

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Primary productivity off the Antarctic coast from 30°–80°E; BROKE-West survey, 2006.

Westwood KJ, Griffiths FB, Meiners KM, Williams GD

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 57: 794-814

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Physiological, biochemical, and ultrastructural responses of the green macroalga Urospora penicilliformis from Arctic Spitsbergen to UV radiation.

Roleda MY, Lütz-Meindl U, Wiencke C, Lütz C

Protoplasma 243: 105-116

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Relationship between photosynthetic processes and microcystin in Microcystis aeruginosa grown under different photon irradiances.

Deblois CP, Juneau P

Harmful Algae 9: 18-24

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Sensitivity of Antarctic Urospora penicilliformis (Ulotrichales, Chlorophyta) to ultraviolet radiation is life-stage dependent.

Roleda MY, Campana GL, Wiencke C, Hanelt D, Quartino ML, Wulff A

Journal of Phycology 45: 600-609

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Photosynthetic response of Arctic kelp zoospores exposed to radiation and thermal stress.

Roleda MY

Photochemical and Photochemical Sciences 8: 1302-1312

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Detection limits for real-time source water monitoring using indigenous freshwater microalgae.

Rodriguez M, Greenbaum E

Water Environment Research 81: 2363-2371

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Using chlorophyll fluorescence to monitor yields of microalgal production

Obata M, Toda T, Taguchi S

Journal of Applied Phycology 21: 315-319

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Biogeochemical conditions and ice algal photosynthetic parameters in Weddell Sea ice during early spring.

Meiners KM, Papadimitriou S, Thomas DN, Norman L, Dieckmann GS

Polar Biology 32: 1055-1065

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Small scale vertical gradients of Arctic ice algal photophysiological properties.

Manes SS, Gradinger R

Photosynthesis Research 102: 53-66

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Temperature-induced changes in thylakoid membrane thermostability of cultured, freshly isolated, and expelled zooxanthellae from scleractinian corals.

Hill R, Ulstrup KE, Ralph PJ

Bulletin of Marine Science 85: 223-244

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Sea-ice algae: Major contributors to primary production and algal biomass in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas during May/June 2002.

Gradinger R

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 56: 1201-1212

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The effects of UV radiation on photosynthesis estimated as chlorophyll fluorescence in Zygnemopsis decussata (Chlorophyta) growing in a high mountain lake (Sierra Nevada, Southern Spain).

Figueroa FL, Korbee N, Carrillo P, Medina-Sánchez JM, Mata M, Bonomi J, Sánchez-Castillo PM

Journal of Limnology 68: 206-216

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UV radiation - a threat to Antarctic benthic marine diatoms?

Wulff A, Zacher K, Hanelt D, Al-Handal A, Wiencke C

Antarctic Science 20: 13-20

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Susceptibility of spores of different ploidy levels from Antarctic Gigartina skottsbergii (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) to ultraviolet radiation.

Roleda MY, Zacher K, Wulff A, Hanelt D, Wiencke C

Phycologia 47: 361-370

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Photosynthetic response of Nodularia spumigena to UV and photosynthetically active radiation depends on nutrient (N and P) availability.

Roleda MY, Mohlin M, Pattanaik B, Wulff A

FEMS Microbiology Ecology 66: 230-242

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Linking the physiology and ecology of Cochlodinium to better understand harmful algal bloom events: A comparative approach

Kudela RM, Ryan JP, Blakely MD, Lane JQ, Peterson TD

Harmful Algae 7: 278–292

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Effects of UV radiation on the photosynthesis of conchocelis of Porphyra haitanensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta).

Jiang H, Gao K

Phycologia 47: 241-248

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What contributes to the sensitivity of microalgae to triclosan?

Franz S, Altenburger R, Heilmeier H, Schmitt-Jansen M

Aquatic Toxicology 90: 102-108

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Alternative photosynthetic electron flow to oxygen in marine Synechococcus.

Bailey S, Melis A, Mackey KRM, Cardol P, Finazzi G, van Dijken Gert, Berg GM, Arrigo K, Shrager J, Grossman A

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 1777: 269-276

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The use of pulse-amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorescence-based methods to evaluate effects of herbicides in microalgal systems of different complexity.

Schmitt-Jansen M, Altenburger R

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 89: 665-681

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Photosynthetic performance, DNA damage and repair in gametes of the endemic Antarctic brown alga Ascoseira mirabilis exposed to ultraviolet radiation.

Roleda MY, Zacher K, Wulff A, Hanelt D, Wiencke C

Austral Ecology 32: 917-926

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Spring sea ice photosynthesis, primary productivity and biomass distribution in eastern Antarctica, 2002–2004

McMinn A, Ryan KG, Ralph PJ, Pankowski A

Marine Biology 151: 985-995

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Effect of selenate on growth and photosynthesis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Geoffroy L, Gilbin R, Simon O, Floriani M, Adam C, Pradines C, Cournac L, Garnier-Laplace J

Aquatic Toxicology 83: 149-158

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Impact of ultraviolet radiation on cell structure, UV-absorbing compounds, photosynthesis, DNA damage, and germination in zoospores of Arctic Saccorhiza dermatodea.

Roleda Y, Wiencke C, Lüder UH

Journal of Experimental Botany 57: 3847-3856

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UV effects on stoichiometry and PUFAs of Selenastrum capricornutum and their consequences for the grazer Daphnia magna.

Leu E, Færøvig PJ, Hessen DO

Freshwater Biology 51: 2296-2308

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Photosynthetic characteristics of the phytoplankton in the Scheldt estuary: community and single-cell fluorescence measurements.

Dijkman NA, Kromkamp JC

European Journal of Phycology 41: 425-434

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Divergent composition of algal-bacterial biofilms developing under various external factors.

Christiane B, Veuger B, Van Beusekom SAM, Marvan P, Sinke J, Admiraal W

European Journal of Phycology 40: 1-8

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Acclimation of Antarctic bottom-ice algal communities to lowered salinities during melting.

Ryan KG, Ralph P, McMinn A

Polar Biology 27: 679-686

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What contributes to the combined effect of a complex mixture?

Altenburger R, Walter H, Matthias GM

Environmental Science & Technology 38: 6353-6362

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The effects of Produced Formation Water (PFW) on coral and isolated symbiotic dinoflagellates of coral.

Jones RJ, Heyward AJ

Marine and Freshwater Research 54: 153-162

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Nitrogen starvation-induced chlorosis in Synechococcus PCC 7942. Low-level photosynthesis as a mechanism of long-term survival.

Sauer J, Schreiber U, Schmid R, Völker U, Forchhammer K

Plant Physiology 126: 233-243

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WATER-PAM-II (Cuvette Version - WATER-PAM-II)

Design
Bottom cylinder, holding the emitter-detector unit, black polyoxymethylene plastic (POM) with lateral plastic screw for fixation of emitter-detector unit, 600 g, 10 cm x 11 cm (height x diameter). Top cylinder, encircling measuring chamber, POM, 160 g, 6 cm x 10 cm (height x diameter). Cover, POM, 0.8 cm x 10 cm (thickness x diameter). Cuvette holder, to be mounted on emission window of emitter-detector unit, POM, 5 g, 3.8 cm x 1.9 cm x 0.6 cm (L x W x H), 1.5 cm diameter central hole for placing round fluorescence cuvette WATER-K.
General Features
Data memory
128 kB CMOS RAM providing memory for 4000 data sets
Microcontroller
CMOS 80C52
Display
2 x 24 character alphanumerical LC-display with backlight
User interface
2 x 4 touch-sensitive keys to operate the internal mode menu
Measured parameters
F0, FM, FM', F, FV/FM (max. Yield), ΔF/FM' (Yield), qP, qN, NPQ, PAR (using special micro quantum sensor), ETR (i.e. PAR x ΔF/FM')
General design
Power supply
Internal rechargeable battery 12 V/2 Ah, providing power for at least 10 000 Yield measurements, automatic power/off, battery charger MINI-PAM/L (100 to 240 V AC)
Dimensions
17.6 cm x 11.5 cm x 9.5 cm (L x W x H)
Weight
2 kg (incl. battery)
Operating temperature
-5 to +45 °C
Connectors
Actinic light
Drives up to three actinic LEDs
AUX input
Receives signals from temperature and light sensors
AUX output
Sends control signals for external LED drivers
Charge
Socket for battery charger
Far-red light
Up to three far red LEDs can be driven
Measuring light
Capacity to drive up to three LEDs both as measuring and actinic light
sources, 12 LED intensity and 12 pulse frequency settings are available, automatic change
of measuring light frequency.
Output
Provides analog signal to chart recorder
Photomultiplier
Full control of photomultiplier PM-MF
RS232
Data transfer to computer using WinControl V. 2 software
Computer-controlled Operation
Software
WinControl-2 (Microsoft Windows 3.1x/9x/Me/NT4/2000/XP). WinControl-3 (Microsoft Windows XP/Vista/7/8/10)
Measuring light
Blue (450 nm) and red (630 nm) LED, standard modulation frequencies 5 to 25 Hz, adjustable in increments of 5 Hz, and 100 Hz, measuring light PAR at standard settings = 0.05 µmol m-2 s-1. For differential algae analysis auxiliary LEDs 520 and 660 nm.
Actinic light
Blue (450 nm) and red (630) LED as for measuring light, maximum actinic PAR = 3000 µmol m-2 s-1, maximum PAR of saturation pulses = 6000 µmol m-2 s-1 adjustable in increments of 500 µmol m-2 s-1 expandable on request to 12000 µmol m-2 s-1 adjustable in increments of 1000 µmol m-2 s-1
Far-red light
Peak emission at 730 nm
Signal detection
Hamamatsu photomultiplier protected by long-pass and a short-pass filters
Cuvette holder
for 15 mm Ø cuvette, Perspex inlet for overspill protection, POM cuvette cover 35 mm high x 40 mm Ø
Data memory
Flash memory, 8 MB, providing memory for more than 27,000 saturation pulse analyses
Display
Backlit 160x104 dots (78 x 61 mm) transflective B/W LCD display with resistive touchscreen
Ports
PAR sensor, Temp, AUX1, AUX2, SYNC, Stirrer, CTRL1, CTRL2, COMP, EXT DC and USB
Power supply
8 AA (Mignon) rechargeable batteries (Eneloop 1.2 V/2 Ah), providing power for up to 1000 yield measurements; 8 spare batteries, automatic power/off, battery charger (100 to 240 V AC, 50-60 Hz, 0.35 A) for 1 to 8 AA NI-MH batteries, 12 V 5,5 A power supply MINI PAM-II/N
Operating temperature
-5 to +45 °C (non-condensing)
Dimensions
17.2 cm x 13.5 cm x 7.6 cm (L x W x H)
Weight
1.5 kg (incl. battery)
Application

Suspension cuvette

Connects to

WATER-PAM, DUAL-PAM-100, 
ULM-500 (AUX), PAM-2500 and MINI-PAM (instead of Leaf Clip Holder 2030-B or 2060 M)

Connector

Same as Leaf Clip Holder 2030-B Includes hood for suspension cuvette, amplifier for aux input of PAM Control

Signal output

0…2.5 V DC / 0…1000 μmol m-2 s-1 or 0…2.5 V DC / 0…20.000 μmol m-2 s-1 Power
Provided by connected instrument

Cable length
3 m + 0.5 m
Size

Sensor: Diameter 1 cm
Length: 11 cm
Hood: Diameter 3.4 cm height: 3.2 cm
Amplifier: 5 x 5 x 5 cm (W x L x H)

Weight

175 g

Accessories

Design
Cuvette holder made from black polyoxymethylene polymer (POM) with in-/out water tubing connectors (4 mm inner diameter; 6 mm outer diameter). The cuvette is mounted to the optical unit of the instrument using an adapter ring and two knurled screws.
Dimensions
: Ø 49 mm, with connectors and cuvette 64 mm x 74 mm
Weight
150 g
Design
Tripod holder with 3/8 inch thread (without tripod). WATER-PAM-II mounting is secured with knurled screws. Side resting option for the stirrer and 6 cuvettes.
Dimensions
24.5 x 13 x 4.5 cm
Weight
312 g
Design
Instrument operated stirrer with disposable perspex stirring paddles. Delivery includes a set (10 pieces) of Stirring Paddles WATER-R.
Dimensions
71 mm x 30 mm (l x Ø)
Weight
95 g
Design
Set of 10 perspex stirring paddle for WATER-II/S

General Features and Graphical User Interface

WATER-PAM-II instruments can be operated in stand-alone mode or externally controlled by WinControl-3 software. Saturation pulse analysis, automated experimental protocols and analysis of algae composition can be performed. In the field the sun readable touchscreen provides experimental control as well as graphical and numerical data display. Continuous recording of fluorescence, modelling of light curves and recalculation of algae composition with new references requires WinControl-3 software.

The WinControl-3 software represents the latest version of the WinControl software family. Presently, WinControl-3 operates the MONITORING-PAM, MINI-PAM-II, DIVING-PAM-II, WATER-PAM-II, JUNIOR-PAM fluorometers, PAM-CONTROL operated instruments (WATER-PAM FIBER Version, MICROSCOPY-PAM and MICROFIBER-PAM) as well as the Universal Light Meter ULM-500.

Please follow this link to learn more about WinControl-3 operating WATER-PAM-II.

Data Evaluation

Saturating pulse analysis with automatic detection and calculation of standard fluorescence parameters: Fo, Fm, Fo’ (measured or calculated), Fm’, Fv/Fm, qP, qL, qN, NPQ, Y(II), Y(NPQ), Y(NO), ETR.

Automated Routines

Repetitive triggering of many fluorometer functions (e.g., dark-light induction and dark recovery curves) by adjustable clock.

Light Response Curves (Rapid Light Curves)

Automatic execution of light exposure protocols and fitting of two different model functions to data of light response experiments.

Data Export

Export in CSV (comma-separated values) format of original fluorescence traces, saturating pulse analysis data and parameter estimates of light response curves.
Customer-defined Measuring Protocols
Execution of customized experimental procedures using easily programmable batch files.