WATER-PAM-II

The WATER-PAM-II is a portable phytoplankton fluorometer for chlorophyll fluorescence analysis of aquatic samples. A highly sensitive photomultiplier detector enables reliable measurements even at extremely low chlorophyll concentrations, from oligotrophic natural water to dense laboratory cultures. The lightweight, battery-powered design makes the WATER-PAM-II equally suited for on-deck measurements on research vessels, field stations, and laboratory use.

The system performs detailed assessment of photosynthetic activity including all quenching parameters, and supports established measurement protocols. It can be operated stand-alone via a sun-readable touchscreen or connected to a computer running the WinControl-3 software.

The WATER-PAM-II provides differential algae detection, determining the composition of mixed samples across three groups (green algae, cyanobacteria, and brown algae) based on differences in their fluorescence excitation spectra. This makes it a valuable tool for water quality monitoring, including early detection of harmful algal blooms such as red tide events and toxic cyanobacteria proliferation in drinking water sources, coastal waters, and recreational areas.

Unlike fluorometers with standard photodiode detectors, the WATER-PAM-II uses a photomultiplier with automatic overexposure protection providing the sensitivity needed to detect phytoplankton even at very low chlorophyll concentrations, while allowing safe use in bright, sunny field conditions.

Switchable blue and red measuring and actinic light ensures optimal excitation across all phytoplankton species. Blue excitation is ideal for green algae and diatoms, while red excitation provides better signal quality for cyanobacteria. This flexibility eliminates the need for separate instruments when working with diverse sample types.

For extended phytoplankton analysis with deconvoluted photosynthetic activity of mixed algal samples, the WATER-PAM-II pairs with the PHYTO-PAM-II. Together they provide a complete analytical platform from rapid field screening to detailed population characterization in the laboratory.

The WATER-PAM-II is available as a Cuvette version with integrated optical unit for standard and flow-through measurements - ideal for water samples and suspensions. A Fiber version is also available, designed for probing surfaces of solid objects and photosynthetic layers using an optical fiber. An extensive set of accessories is included: several cuvettes, a cuvette stand, and the US-SQS/L Light Sensor for precise light calibration.